Design and phenotyping procedures for recording wool, skin, parasite resistance, growth, carcass yield and quality traits of the SheepGENOMICS mapping flock
Jason D. White A M , Peter G. Allingham B , Chris M. Gorman A , David L. Emery C , Philip Hynd D , John Owens E , Amy Bell F , Jason Siddell H K , Greg Harper B , Ben J. Hayes G , Hans D. Daetwyler G , Jonathan Usmar C , Mike E. Goddard A G , John M. Henshall F , Sonja Dominik F , Heather Brewer F , Julius H. J. van der Werf H , Frank W. Nicholas C , Robyn Warner G , Chris Hofmyer G , Terry Longhurst I , Troy Fisher J , Paul Swan J , Rob Forage I J L and V. Hutton Oddy H MA School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
C Department of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
D Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
E Future Livestock, Yarraville, Vic. 3013, Australia.
F CSIRO Livestock Industries, Chiswick Laboratories, Uralla, NSW 2358, Australia.
G Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia.
H Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
I Meat & Livestock Australia, Walker Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.
J Australian Wool Innovation Ltd, George Street, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia.
K Present address: Department of Primary Industries, Glen Innes, NSW 2370, Australia.
L Present address: University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 1466, Australia.
M Corresponding author. Email: hutton.oddy@une.edu.au; jasondw@unimelb.edu.au
Animal Production Science 52(3) 157-171 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11085
Submitted: 24 May 2011 Accepted: 13 January 2012 Published: 2 March 2012
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2012 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
A major aim of the research program known as SheepGENOMICS was to deliver DNA markers for commercial breeding programs. To that end, a resource flock was established, comprehensively phenotyped and genotyped with DNA markers. The flock of nearly 5000 sheep, born over two consecutive years, was extensively phenotyped, with more than 100 recorded observations being made on most of the animals. This generated more than 460 000 records over 17 months of gathering information on each animal. Here, we describe the experimental design and sample-collection procedures, and provide a summary of the basic measurements taken. Data from this project are being used to identify collections of genome markers for estimating genomic breeding values for new sheep industry traits.
Additional keywords: commercial traits, QTL screen, sheep phenotypes.
References
Adams DB, Anderson BH, Windon RG (1989) Cross-immunity between Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 19, 717–722.| Cross-immunity between Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FnslOhtw%3D%3D&md5=e3cc4fb134aafa24769b7c2ffeea2474CAS |
AWI (2008) ‘Visual sheep scores.’ (Australian Wool Innovation Ltd: Sydney)
Barger IA (1988) Resistance of young lambs to Haemonchus contortus infection, and its loss following anthelmintic treatment. International Journal for Parasitology 18, 1107–1109.
| Resistance of young lambs to Haemonchus contortus infection, and its loss following anthelmintic treatment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7it1CitQ%3D%3D&md5=2e0b0a5b2efead347bca9cb8c540825eCAS |
Baxter BP, Brims MA, Teasdale DC (1993) The optical fibre diameter analyser: new technology for the wool industry. Wool Technology and Sheepbreeding 40, 131–134.
Bouton PE, Harris PV (1972) A comparison of some objective methods used to assess meat tenderness. Journal of Food Science 37, 218–221.
| A comparison of some objective methods used to assess meat tenderness.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bouton PE, Harris PV, Shorthose WR (1971) Effect of ultimate pH upon the water-holding capacity and tenderness of mutton. Journal of Food Science 36, 435–439.
| Effect of ultimate pH upon the water-holding capacity and tenderness of mutton.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXhtl2ltr0%3D&md5=dad3c30117078c44776faca6c1270caaCAS |
Brien FD, Hebart ML, Smith DH, Hocking-Edwards JE, Greef JC, Hart KW, Refshauge G, Bird-Gardiner TL, Gaunt G, Behrendt R, Robertson MW, Hinch GN, Geenty KG, van der Werf JHJ (2010) Opportunities for genetic improvement of lamb survival. Animal Production Science 50, 1017–1025.
| Opportunities for genetic improvement of lamb survival.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burrow HM, Seifert GW, Corbet NJ (1988) A new technique for measuring temperament in cattle. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 17, 154–157.
Crawford AM (2001) A review of QTL experiments in sheep. Proceedings of the Association for Advances in Animal Breeding and Genetics 14, 33–38.
Daetwyler HD, Hickey JM, Henshall JM, Dominik S, Gredler B, van der Werf JHJ, Hayes BJ (2010) Accuracy of estimated genomic breeding values for wool and meat traits in a multi-breed sheep population. Animal Production Science 50, 1004–1010.
| Accuracy of estimated genomic breeding values for wool and meat traits in a multi-breed sheep population.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Davis GP, McGuirk BJ (1987). Genetic relationships between clean wool weight, its components and related skin characters. In ‘Merino improvement programs in Australia. Proceedings of a national symposium, Leura, NSW’. (Ed. BJ McGuirk) pp. 189–206. (Australian Wool Corporation: Melbourne)
Dolling CHS (1956) The inheritance of horns in sheep. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 1, 161–164.
Dominik S, Henshall JM, Hayes BJ (2012) Identification of a SNP on sheep chromosome 10 which is highly predictive of Poll in Australian Merino. Animal Genetics
| Identification of a SNP on sheep chromosome 10 which is highly predictive of Poll in Australian Merino.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dunshea FR, Suster D, Eason PJ, Warner RD, Hopkins DL, Ponnampalam EN (2007) Accuracy of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, longissimus lumborum muscle depth and GR fat depth to predict half carcass composition in sheep. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, 1165–1171.
| Accuracy of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, weight, longissimus lumborum muscle depth and GR fat depth to predict half carcass composition in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVOisb3K&md5=931a4932cf9fc0c804510e4f89bca47bCAS |
Edwards NM, Hebart M, Hynd PI (2009) Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a barebreech trait in Merino sheep as a potential replacement for surgical mulesing. Animal Production Science 49, 56–64.
| Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a barebreech trait in Merino sheep as a potential replacement for surgical mulesing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Emery DL (1996) Vaccination against worm parasites of livestock. Veterinary Parasitology 64, 31–45.
| Vaccination against worm parasites of livestock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FkvVKgsw%3D%3D&md5=05ea527d58d04e796f1b6390476fc0b1CAS |
Fogarty NM, Banks RG, van der Werf JHJ, Gibson JP (2007) The information nucleus – a new concept to enhance sheep industry genetic improvement. Proceedings of the Association for Advances in Animal Breeding and Genetics 17, 29–32.
Gilmour AR, Luff AF, Fogarty NM, Banks R (1994) Genetic parameters for ultrasound fat depth and eye muscle measurements in live poll Dorset sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, 1281–1291.
| Genetic parameters for ultrasound fat depth and eye muscle measurements in live poll Dorset sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goddard ME, Hayes BJ (2009) Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programs. Nature Reviews. Genetics 10, 381–391.
| Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtVKrsLw%3D&md5=5318e6beaf602f17794e33ee2b300564CAS |
Goddard M, van der Werf J, Henshall J (2003) Final report to MLA/AWI on design of gene mapping experiments. Report to Meat & Livestock Australia, Sydney.
Greeff JC, Schlink AC, Dowling ME (2005) Inheritance of yarn shrinkage of Merino wool. Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics 16, 318–321.
Hatcher S, Atkins KD, Thornberry KJ (2009) Breeding plain-bodied fine wools – no problem! Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics 18, 330–333.
Hayes BJ, Henshall J, Dominik S, van der Werf J (2010) Genomic breeding values and genome wide association in the Falkiner Flock – SheepGenomics biostatistics support. Final report to Meat & Livestock Australia on Project SGP561, Sydney.
Ingham A, Reverter A, Windon R, Hunt P, Menzies M (2008) Gastrointestinal nematode challenge induces some conserved gene expression changes in the gut mucosa of genetically resistant sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 38, 431–442.
| Gastrointestinal nematode challenge induces some conserved gene expression changes in the gut mucosa of genetically resistant sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitVeitrc%3D&md5=1cc1f1ad8ad0d499cc7412d6be4a592fCAS |
Kemper K, Emery DL, Bishop SC, Oddy H, Hayes BJ, Dominik S, Henshall JM, Goddard ME (2011) The distribution of SNP marker effects for faecal worm egg count in sheep, and the feasibility of using these markers to predict genetic resistance to worm infections. Genetical Research 93, 203–219.
| The distribution of SNP marker effects for faecal worm egg count in sheep, and the feasibility of using these markers to predict genetic resistance to worm infections.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmtlWrtbc%3D&md5=4381ff9397178a39fcd390c7c0ca4e3fCAS |
Kijas JW, McCulloch R, Hocking-Edwards JE, Oddy VH, Lee SH, van der Werf J (2007) Evidence for multiple allelles affecting muscling and fatness at the Ovine GDF8 locus. BMC Genetics 8, 80
| Evidence for multiple allelles affecting muscling and fatness at the Ovine GDF8 locus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maddocks IG, Jackson N (1988) ‘Structural studies of sheep, cattle and goat skin.’ (CSIRO Division of Animal Production: Sydney)
Marshall K, van der Werf J, Maddox JF, Graser HU, Zhang Y, Walkden-Brown SW, Kahn L (2005) A genome scan for quantitative trait loci for resistance to the gastrointestinal parasite Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics 16, 115–118.
Meuwissen TH, Hayes BJ, Goddard ME (2001) Prediction of total genetic value using genome-wide dense marker maps. Genetics 157, 1819–1829.
Mortimer SI (1987) Australian estimates of genetic parameters for wool production and quality traits. In ‘Merino improvement programs in Australia’: Proceedings of a national symposium, Leura, NSW. (Ed. BJ McGuirk) pp. 159–176. (Australian Wool Corporation: Melbourne)
Mortimer SI, van der Werk JHJ, Jacob RH, Pethick DW, Pearce KL, Warner RD, Geesink GH, Hocking Edwards JE, Gardiner GE, Ponnampalam EN, Kitessa SM, Ball AJ, Hopkins DL (2010) Preliminary estimates of genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits in Australian sheep. Animal Production Science 50, 1135–1144.
| Preliminary estimates of genetic parameters for carcass and meat quality traits in Australian sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Murphy PM, Purvis IW, Lindsay DR, le Neindre P, Poindron P (1994) Measures of temperament are highly repeatable in Merino sheep and some are related to maternal behaviour. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 20, 247–250.
Perry D, Shorthose WR, Ferguson DM, Thompson JM (2001) Methods used in the CRC program for the determination of carcass yield and beef quality. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, 953–957.
| Methods used in the CRC program for the determination of carcass yield and beef quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
R for Statistical Computing (2009) ‘R version 2.10.1 (2009-12-14). (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing)
Rehfeldt C, Fiedler I, Stickland NC (2004) Number and size of muscle fibres in relation to meat production. In ‘Muscle development of livestock animals: physiology, genetics and meat quality’. (Eds MFW te Pas, ME Everts, HP Haagsman) pp. 1–38. (CABI Publishing: Cambridge, MA)
Robinson N, Goddard M (2002) Review of sheep gene mapping resource flocks in Australia. Report to Meat & Livestock Australia, Sydney.
Safari E, Fogarty NM, Gilmour AR (2005) A review of genetic parameter estimates for wool, growth, meat and reproduction traits in sheep. Livestock Production Science 92, 271–289.
| A review of genetic parameter estimates for wool, growth, meat and reproduction traits in sheep.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stobart RH, Townsend RS, Russell WC (1998) Evaluation of the Sirolan for measuring wool fiber diameter and standard deviation. Sheep & Goat Research Journal 14, 168–172.
Vuocolo T, Byrne K, White J, McWilliam S, Reverter A, Cockett NE, Tellam RL (2007) Identification of a gene network contributing to hypertrophy in callipyge skeletal muscle. Physiological Genomics 28, 253–272.
| Identification of a gene network contributing to hypertrophy in callipyge skeletal muscle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXit1ajt7k%3D&md5=654578fd32bde6d9571c56cf6ed63c02CAS |
Warner RD, Jacob RH, Hocking Edwards JE, McDonagh M, Pearce K, Geesink G, Kearney G, Allingham P, Hopkins DL, Pethick DW (2010) Quality of lamb meat from the information nucleus flock. Animal Production Science 50, 1123–1134.
| Quality of lamb meat from the information nucleus flock.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Whitlock HV (1948) Some modifications of the McMaster helminth egg counting technique and apparatus. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in Australia 21, 177–180.
Windon RG, Dineen JK (1981) The effect of both sire and dam selection on the response of Fl generation lambs to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. International Journal for Parasitology 11, 11–18.
| The effect of both sire and dam selection on the response of Fl generation lambs to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL3M7ptFWmtQ%3D%3D&md5=0709f319f582386d40d1bb617d1e5974CAS |
Yamaguchi A, Horio Y, Sakuma K, Katsuta S (1993) The effect of nutrition on the size and proportion of muscle fibre types during growth. Journal of Anatomy 182, 29–36.