Increasing amounts of crushed wheat fed with Persian clover herbage reduced ruminal pH and dietary fibre digestibility in lactating dairy cows
C. M. Leddin A B C , C. R. Stockdale A D G , J. Hill B , J. W. Heard A E and P. T. Doyle A FA Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, Kyabram Centre, 120 Cooma Road, Kyabram, Vic. 3620, Australia.
B Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
C Present address: Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, 78 Henna Street, Warrnambool, Vic. 3280, Australia.
D Present address: Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, 255 Ferguson Road, Tatura, Vic. 3616, Australia.
E Present address: Future Farming Systems Research, Department of Primary Industries, Hamilton Centre, Mount Napier Road, Hamilton, Vic. 3300, Australia.
F Present address: 4 Red Bean Close, Suffolk Park, NSW 2481, Australia.
G Corresponding author. Email: richard.stockdale@dpi.vic.gov.au
Animal Production Science 50(9) 837-846 https://doi.org/10.1071/AN09157
Submitted: 20 November 2009 Accepted: 26 May 2010 Published: 29 September 2010
Abstract
Sixteen cows in early lactation were individually fed diets consisting of fresh Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)-dominant pasture, offered to all cows at 3.7 kg DM/100 kg liveweight (LW); either alone or supplemented with amounts of crushed wheat ranging from ~0.3 to 0.9 kg DM/100 kg LW (four treatments with four cows per treatment). Cows fed Persian clover alone consumed 19 kg DM/day and total DM intake increased (P < 0.001) in a linear manner as the amount of wheat consumed increased, with no significant effects on clover intake. As the proportion of wheat in the diet increased, dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations declined from 28 to 24%, and in vivo NDF (P = 0.055) and acid detergent fibre (ADF; P = 0.015) digestibilities also declined. There were no significant effects of proportion of wheat in the diet on apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter or gross energy. The extent to which negative associative effects on NDF digestion was associated with the clover could not be determined as it was not possible to distinguish between the NDF derived from clover or wheat, but the decline in ADF digestibility suggested that most of the response lay with the clover since the wheat only contained relatively small amounts of ADF. Ruminal fluid pH was below 6.0 for more than 18 h/day in all cows. There was no effect of wheat in the diet on average ruminal fluid pH, but lowest values during the day were negatively related (P < 0.05) to the proportion of wheat in the diet. As the proportion of wheat in the diet increased, ruminal fluid ammonia-N concentration (P < 0.001) and the acetate + butyrate to propionate ratio (P < 0.001) decreased. The proportion of wheat in the diet did not affect nylon bag estimates of NDF degradation rates for grain or forage. Although most data indicated that effects of proportion of wheat in the diet on the utilisation of consumed nutrients were small, the marginal milk response to additional wheat averaged only 0.9 kg energy-corrected milk/kg DM wheat.
Additional keywords: associative effects, ruminal fermentation, ruminal fluid pH.
Acknowledgements
We thank Marg Jenkin, Daryl Wilson, Stuart Austin and Shelly Warde and the farm staff at DPI Kyabram, and Nguyen Xuan Ba and Nguyen Van Phong, from Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry in Vietnam, for their input into the research. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and the Victorian Department of Primary Industries.
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