The myth of wild dogs in Australia: are there any out there?
Kylie M. Cairns
A B E , Mathew S. Crowther C , Bradley Nesbitt D and Mike Letnic A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
B Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
C School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
D School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: k.cairns@unsw.edu.au
Australian Mammalogy 44(1) 67-75 https://doi.org/10.1071/AM20055
Submitted: 17 August 2020 Accepted: 26 February 2021 Published: 26 March 2021
Journal Compilation © Australian Mammal Society 2022 Open Access CC BY NC ND
Abstract
Hybridisation between wild and domestic canids is a global conservation and management issue. In Australia, dingoes are a distinct lineage of wild-living canid with a controversial domestication status. They are mainland Australia’s apex terrestrial predator. There is ongoing concern that the identity of dingoes has been threatened from breeding with domestic dogs, and that feral dogs have established populations in rural Australia. We collate the results of microsatellite DNA testing from 5039 wild canids to explore patterns of domestic dog ancestry in dingoes and observations of feral domestic dogs across the continent. Only 31 feral dogs were detected, challenging the perception that feral dogs are widespread in Australia. First generation dingo × dog hybrids were similarly rare, with only 27 individuals identified. Spatial patterns of genetic ancestry across Australia identified that dingo populations in northern, western and central Australia were largely free from domestic dog introgression. Our findings challenge the perception that dingoes are virtually extinct in the wild and that feral dogs are common. A shift in terminology from wild dog to dingo would better reflect the identity of these wild canids and allow more nuanced debate about the balance between conservation and management of dingoes in Australia.
Keywords: admixture, Australia, Canis dingo, Canis familiaris, dingo, dog, domestication, feral dog, introgression, wild dog.
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