Targeted field testing of wildlife road-crossing structures: koalas and canopy rope-bridges
Ross L. Goldingay A B and Brendan D. Taylor AA School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: ross.goldingay@scu.edu.au
Australian Mammalogy 39(1) 100-104 https://doi.org/10.1071/AM16014
Submitted: 24 March 2016 Accepted: 17 June 2016 Published: 19 July 2016
Abstract
The suitability of structures installed to enable safe passage of wildlife across a road is most frequently determined by monitoring of structures after new roads are built. Rarely are new structures field tested before installation. We installed canopy rope-bridges in an area frequented by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with the explicit aim of determining whether koalas might use such structures. Rope-bridges were of four different designs to maximise the likelihood that one might be used, as a precursor to further replication. Infrared cameras were installed on the rope-bridges as well as on two nearby reference trees to compare frequency of use. Over a monitoring period of 2.9 years no koalas were detected on the rope-bridges whereas koalas were recorded on the reference trees on 34 and 41 different 24-h periods. Rope-bridges may not be suited to an arboreal mammal that is inclined to travel along the ground to move between trees.
References
AMBS (2012). Investigation of the impact of roads on koalas. Report to the NSW Roads and Maritime Services. Australian Museum Business Services, Sydney.Ball, T. M., and Goldingay, R. L. (2008). Can wooden poles be used to reconnect habitat for a gliding mammal? Landscape and Urban Planning 87, 140–146.
| Can wooden poles be used to reconnect habitat for a gliding mammal?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bond, A. R., and Jones, D. N. (2008). Temporal trends in use of fauna-friendly underpasses and overpasses. Wildlife Research 35, 103–112.
| Temporal trends in use of fauna-friendly underpasses and overpasses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dique, D. S., Thompson, J., Preece, H. J., Penfold, G. C., de Villiers, D. L., and Leslie, R. S. (2003). Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial. Wildlife Research 30, 419–426.
| Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
DSEWPC (2012). Koala populations in Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and national environment law. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra.
Goldingay, R. L., and Dobner, B. (2014). Home range areas of koalas in an urban area of north-east New South Wales. Australian Mammalogy 36, 74–80.
| Home range areas of koalas in an urban area of north-east New South Wales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goldingay, R. L., Taylor, B. D., and Ball, T. (2011). Wooden poles can provide habitat connectivity for a gliding mammal. Australian Mammalogy 33, 36–43.
| Wooden poles can provide habitat connectivity for a gliding mammal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goldingay, R. L., Rohweder, D., and Taylor, B. D. (2013). Will arboreal mammals use rope-bridges across a highway in eastern Australia? Australian Mammalogy 35, 30–38.
| Will arboreal mammals use rope-bridges across a highway in eastern Australia?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hamer, A. J., van der Ree, R., Mahony, M. J., and Langton, T. (2014). Usage rates of an under-road tunnel by three Australian frog species: implications for road mitigation. Animal Conservation 17, 379–387.
| Usage rates of an under-road tunnel by three Australian frog species: implications for road mitigation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lassau, S. A., Ryan, B., Close, R. L., Moon, C., Geraghty, P., Coyle, A., and Pile, J. (2008). Home ranges and mortality of a roadside koala Phascolarctos cinereus population at Bonville, New South Wales. In ‘Too Close for Comfort: Contentious Issues in Human–Wildlife Encounters’. (Eds D. Lunney, A. Munn, and W. Meikle.) pp. 127–136. (Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Sydney.)
Laurance, W. F., Clements, G. R., Sloan, S., O’Connell, C. S., Mueller, N. D., Goosem, M., Venter, O., Edwards, D. P., Phalan, B., Balmford, A., van der Ree, R., and Arrea, I. B. (2014). A global strategy for road building. Nature 513, 229–232.
| A global strategy for road building.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFOltrbM&md5=82fe83b3e578e3a1e3dd176e3dce2582CAS | 25162528PubMed |
Lee, K. E., Seddon, J. E., Corley, S. W., Ellis, W. A. H., Johnston, S. D., de Villiers, D. L., Preece, H. J., and Carrick, F. N. (2010). Genetic variation and structuring in the threatened koala populations of southeast Queensland. Conservation Genetics 11, 2091–2103.
| Genetic variation and structuring in the threatened koala populations of southeast Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marsh, K. J., Moore, B. D., Wallis, I. R., and Foley, W. J. (2013). Continuous monitoring of feeding by koalas highlights diurnal differences in tree preferences. Wildlife Research 40, 639–646.
| Continuous monitoring of feeding by koalas highlights diurnal differences in tree preferences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marsh, K. J., Moore, B. D., Wallis, I. R., and Foley, W. J. (2014). Feeding rates of a mammalian browser confirm the predictions of a ‘foodscape’ model of its habitat. Oecologia 174, 873–882.
| Feeding rates of a mammalian browser confirm the predictions of a ‘foodscape’ model of its habitat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24253506PubMed |
Mitchell, P. (1990). The home ranges and social activity of koalas. In ‘Biology of the Koala’. (Eds A. K. Lee, K. A. Handasyde and G. D. Sanson.) pp. 171–187. (Surrey Beatty: Sydney.)
Preece, H. J. (2007). Monitoring and modelling threats to koala populations in rapidly urbanising landscapes: koala coast, south east Queensland, Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane.
Rytwinski, T., van der Ree, R., Cunnington, G. M., Fahrig, L., Findlay, C. S., Houlahan, J., Jaeger, J. A. G., Soanes, K., and van der Grift, E. A. (2015). Experimental study designs to improve the evaluation of road mitigation measures for wildlife. Journal of Environmental Management 154, 48–64.
| Experimental study designs to improve the evaluation of road mitigation measures for wildlife.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25704749PubMed |
Soanes, K., Lobo, M. C., Vesk, P. A., McCarthy, M. A., Moore, J. L., and van der Ree, R. (2013). Movement re-established but not restored: inferring the effectiveness of road-crossing mitigation for a gliding mammal by monitoring use. Biological Conservation 159, 434–441.
Soanes, K., Vesk, P. A., and van der Ree, R. (2015). Monitoring the use of road-crossing structures by arboreal marsupials: insights gained from motion-triggered cameras and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Wildlife Research 42, 241–256.
| Monitoring the use of road-crossing structures by arboreal marsupials: insights gained from motion-triggered cameras and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor, B. D., and Goldingay, R. L. (2003). Cutting the carnage: wildlife usage of road culverts in north-eastern New South Wales. Wildlife Research 30, 529–537.
| Cutting the carnage: wildlife usage of road culverts in north-eastern New South Wales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor, B. D., and Goldingay, R. L. (2010). Roads and wildlife: impacts, mitigation and implications for wildlife management in Australia. Wildlife Research 37, 320–331.
| Roads and wildlife: impacts, mitigation and implications for wildlife management in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor, B. D., and Goldingay, R. L. (2013). Squirrel gliders use roadside glide poles to cross a road gap. Australian Mammalogy 35, 119–122.
| Squirrel gliders use roadside glide poles to cross a road gap.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor, B. D., and Goldingay, R. L. (2014). Use of highway underpasses by bandicoots over a 7-year period that encompassed road widening. Australian Mammalogy 36, 178–183.
| Use of highway underpasses by bandicoots over a 7-year period that encompassed road widening.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van der Grift, E. A., van der Ree, R., Fahrig, E., Findlay, S., Houlahan, J., Jaeger, J. A. G., Klar, N., Madriñan, L. F., and Olson, L. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of road mitigation measures. Biodiversity and Conservation 22, 425–448.
| Evaluating the effectiveness of road mitigation measures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Weston, N., Goosem, M., Marsh, H., Cohen, M., and Wilson, R. (2011). Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Australian Mammalogy 33, 93–105.
| Using canopy bridges to link habitat for arboreal mammals: successful trials in the Wet Tropics of Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |