Seven considerations about dingoes as biodiversity engineers: the socioecological niches of dogs in Australia
Peter J. S. Fleming A D , Benjamin L. Allen B and Guy-Anthony Ballard C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
B The University of Queensland, School of Animal Studies, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. Present address: Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 32 Sulfide Street, Broken Hill, NSW 2880, Australia.
C Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Ring Road North, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: peter.fleming@industry.nsw.gov.au
Australian Mammalogy 34(1) 119-131 https://doi.org/10.1071/AM11012
Submitted: 30 March 2011 Accepted: 4 September 2011 Published: 9 January 2012
Abstract
Australian dingoes have recently been suggested as a tool to aid biodiversity conservation through the reversal or prevention of trophic cascades and mesopredator release. However, at least seven ecological and sociological considerations must be addressed before dog populations are positively managed.
Domestication and feralisation of dingoes have resulted in behavioural changes that continue to expose a broad range of native and introduced fauna to predation.
Dingoes and other dogs are classic mesopredators, while humans are the apex predator and primary ecosystem engineers in Australia.
Anthropogenic landscape changes could prevent modern dingoes from fulfilling their pre-European roles.
Dingoes are known to exploit many of the same species they are often presumed to ‘protect’, predisposing them to present direct risks to many threatened species.
The assertion that contemporary dog control facilitates the release of mesopredators disregards the realities of effective dog control, which simultaneously reduces fox and dog abundance and is unlikely to enable increases in fox abundance.
The processes affecting threatened fauna are likely a combination of both top-down and bottom-up effects, which will not be solved or reversed by concentrating efforts on managing only predator effects.
Most importantly, human social and economic niches are highly variable across the ecosystems where dingoes are present or proposed. Human perceptions will ultimately determine acceptance of positive dingo management.
Outside of an adaptive management framework, positively managing dingoes while ignoring these seven considerations is unlikely to succeed in conserving native faunal biodiversity but is likely to have negative effects on ecological, social and economic values.
Keywords: apex predators, Canis lupus dingo, free-ranging dogs, human values, mesopredator release hypothesis, reintroduction, threatened species, trophic cascade
References
Allen, B. L. (2006a). Urban dingoes (Canis lupus dingo and hybrids) and human hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) in Queensland, Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the 22nd Vertebrate Pest Conference. Berkeley, California’. (Eds R. M. Timm and J. M. O’Brien.) pp. 334–338. (The University of California: Davis, CA.)Allen, B. L. (2011). A comment on the distribution of historical and contemporary livestock grazing across Australia: implications for using dingoes for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Management & Restoration 12, 26–30.
| A comment on the distribution of historical and contemporary livestock grazing across Australia: implications for using dingoes for biodiversity conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Allen, B. L. (in press). The effect of lethal control on the conservation values of Canis lupus dingo. In ‘Wolves: Biology, Conservation, and Management’. (Ed. TBA.) (Nova Publishers: New York.)
Allen, B. L., Engeman, R. M., and Allen, L. R. (2011a). Wild dogma: an examination of recent “evidence” for dingo regulation of invasive mesopredator release in Australia. Current Zoology 57, 568–583.
Allen, B. L., Read, J. L., and Medlin, G. (2011b). Additional records of small mammals in northern South Australia. Australian Mammalogy 33, 68–72.
Allen, L. R. (2005). The impact of wild dog predation and wild dog control on beef cattle production. Ph.D. Thesis. The University of Queensland, Brisbane.
Allen, L. (2006b). Best-practice baiting: evaluation of large-scale, community-based 1080 baiting campaigns. Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre, Department of Primary Industries (Biosecurity Queensland), Toowoomba.
Allen, L. R., and Fleming, P. J. S. (2004). Review of canid management in Australia for the protection of livestock and wildlife – potential application to coyote management. Sheep and Goat Research Journal 19, 97–104.
Allen, L. R., Fleming, P. J. S., Thompson, J. A., and Strong, K. (1989). Effect of presentation on the attractiveness and palatability to wild dogs and other wildlife of two unpoisoned wild-dog bait types. Australian Wildlife Research 16, 593–598.
| Effect of presentation on the attractiveness and palatability to wild dogs and other wildlife of two unpoisoned wild-dog bait types.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Altieri, A. H., van Wesenbeek, B. K., Bertness, M. D., and Silliman, B. R. (2010). Facilitation cascade drives positive relationship between native biodiversity and invasion success. Ecology 91, 1269–1275.
| Facilitation cascade drives positive relationship between native biodiversity and invasion success.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Atkinson, S. A. (2008). Dingo control or conservation? Attitudes towards urban dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) as an aid to dingo management. In ‘23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference. California’. (Eds R. M. Timm and M. B. Madon.) pp. 145–147. (University of California: Davis, CA.)
Atwood, T. C., Gese, E. M., and Kunkel, K. E. (2009). Spatial partitioning of predation risk in a multiple predator–multiple prey system. Journal of Wildlife Management 73, 876–884.
| Spatial partitioning of predation risk in a multiple predator–multiple prey system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Augusteyn, J. (2010). Determining the effectiveness of canine control at Taunton National Park (Scientific) and its impact on the population of bridled nailtail wallabies. In ‘Proceedings of the Queensland Pest Animal Symposium. Gladstone, Queensland’.
Baker, P. J., Boitani, L., Harris, S., and White, P. C. L. (2008). Terrestrial carnivores and human food production: impact and management. Mammal Review 38, 123–166.
| Terrestrial carnivores and human food production: impact and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Banks, S. C., Horsup, A., Wilton, A. N., and Taylor, A. C. (2003). Genetic marker investigation of the source and impact of predation on a highly endangered species. Molecular Ecology 12, 1663–1667.
| Genetic marker investigation of the source and impact of predation on a highly endangered species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barnard, A. (1962). ‘The Simple Fleece: Studies in the Australian Wool Industry.’ (Melbourne University Press: Melbourne.)
Bath, A. J. (1988). The role of human dimensions in wildlife resource research in wildlife management. Ursus 10, 345–349.
Berger, J., Swenson, J. E., and Persson, I. (2001). Recolonizing carnivores and naïve prey: conservation lessons from pleistocene extinctions. Science 291, 1036–1039.
| Recolonizing carnivores and naïve prey: conservation lessons from pleistocene extinctions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFGksr0%3D&md5=d71312b5274a6be9a935bd37dd118326CAS |
Boitani, L. (2001). Carnivore introductions and invasions: their success and management options. In ‘Carnivore Conservation’. (Eds J. Gittleman, S. Funk, D. Macdonald and R. Wayne.) pp. 123–144. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
Bomford, M, Darbyshire, RO, and Randall, L (2009). Determinants of establishment success for introduced exotic mammals. Wildlife Research 36, 192–202.
Bortolussi, G., McIvor, J. G., Hodgkinson, J. J., Coffey, S. G., and Holmes, C. R. (2005a). The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 1. Regional enterprise activity and structure. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, 1057–1073.
| The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 1. Regional enterprise activity and structure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bortolussi, G., McIvor, J. G., Hodgkinson, J. J., Coffey, S. G., and Holmes, C. R. (2005b). The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, 1121–1129.
| The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Box, J. B., Duguid, A., Read, R. E., Kimber, R. G., Knapton, A., Davis, J., and Bowland, A. E. (2008). Central Australian waterbodies: the importance of permanence in a desert landscape. Journal of Arid Environments 72, 1395–1413.
| Central Australian waterbodies: the importance of permanence in a desert landscape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Breckwoldt, R. (1988). ‘A Very Elegant Animal: the Dingo.’ (Angus and Robertson: Sydney.)
Brown, J. H., and Sax, D. F. (2004). An essay on some topics concerning invasive species. Austral Ecology 29, 530–536.
Brunner, R., Steelman, T., Coe-Juell, L., Cromley, C., Edwards, C., and Tucker, D. (2005). ‘Adaptive Governance – Integrating Science, Policy and Decision Making.’ (Columbia University Press: Columbia, NY.)
Buller, H. (2008). Safe from the wolf: biosecurity, biodiversity, and competing philosophies of nature. Environment & Planning A 40, 1583–1597.
| Safe from the wolf: biosecurity, biodiversity, and competing philosophies of nature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burrows, N. D., Algar, D., Robinson, A. D., Sinagra, J., Ward, B., and Liddelow, G. (2003). Controlling introduced predators in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia. Journal of Arid Environments 55, 691–713.
| Controlling introduced predators in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Buskirk, S. W. (1999). Mesocarnivores of Yellowstone. In ‘Carnivores in Ecosystems: the Yellowstone Experience’. (Eds T. W. Clark, A. P. Curlee, S. C. Minta and P. M. Kareiva.) pp. 165–187. (Yale University Press: New Haven.)
Butler, S. E. (2010). ‘The Macquarie Dictionary.’ (Macmillan Publishers: Australia.)
Carbone, C., Teacher, A., and Rowcliffe, J. M. (2007). The costs of carnivory. PloS Biology 5, e22.
| The costs of carnivory.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Caughley, G., and Sinclair, A. R. E. (1994). ‘Wildlife Ecology and Management.’ (Blackwell Sciences: Cambridge, MA.)
Caughley, G., Grigg, G. C., Caughley, J., and Hill, G. J. E. (1980). Does dingo predation control the densities of kangaroos and emus. Australian Wildlife Research 7, 1–12.
| Does dingo predation control the densities of kangaroos and emus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chadwick, D. H. (2010). Wolf wars. National Geographic 217, 34–55.
Chase, L. C., Schusler, T. M., and Decker, D. J. (2000). Innovations in stakeholder involvement: what’s the next step? Wildlife Society Bulletin 28, 208–217.
Ciucci, P., Lucchini, V., Boitani, L., and Randi, E. (2003). Dewclaws in wolves as evidence of admied ancestry with dogs. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, 2077–2081.
| Dewclaws in wolves as evidence of admied ancestry with dogs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Claridge, A., and Hunt, R. (2008). Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic regulator: additional practical suggestions. Ecological Management & Restoration 9, 116–119.
| Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic regulator: additional practical suggestions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Claridge, A. W., Cunningham, R. B., Catling, P. C., and Reid, A. M. (2010). Trends in the activity levels of forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna against a background of intensive baiting for foxes. Forest Ecology and Management 260, 822–832.
| Trends in the activity levels of forest-dwelling vertebrate fauna against a background of intensive baiting for foxes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cogger, H. (2000). ‘Reptiles and amphibians of Australia.’ 6th edn. (Ralph Curtis Publishing: Florida.)
Coman, B. J., and Jones, E. (2007). The loaded dog: on objectivity in the biological sciences and the curious case of the dingo. Quadrant 51, 10–14.
Coppinger, R., and Coppinger, L. (2001). ‘Dogs, A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior & Evolution.’ (Scribner: New York.)
Corbett, L. K. (1985). Morphological comparisons of Australian and Thai dingoes: a reappraisal of dingo status, distribution and ancestry. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 13, 277–291.
Corbett, L. K. (2001). ‘The dingo in Australia and Asia.’ (J.B. Books: Adelaide.)
Corbett, L., and Newsome, A. E. (1987). The feeding ecology of the dingo. III. Dietary relationships with widely fluctuating prey populations in arid Australia: an hypothesis of alternation of predation. Oecologia 74, 215–227.
| The feeding ecology of the dingo. III. Dietary relationships with widely fluctuating prey populations in arid Australia: an hypothesis of alternation of predation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Courchamp, F., Langlais, M., and Sugihara, G. (2000). Rabbits killing birds: modelling the hyperpredation process. Journal of Animal Ecology 69, 154–164.
| Rabbits killing birds: modelling the hyperpredation process.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Coutts-Smith, A. J., Mahon, P. S., Letnic, M., and Downey, P. O. (2007). The threat posed by pest animals to biodiversity in New South Wales. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra.
Crabtree, R. L., and Sheldon, J. W. (1999). Coyotes and canid coexistence in Yellowstone. In ‘Carnivores in Ecosystems: the Yellowstone Experience’. (Eds T. W. Clark, A. P. Curlee, S. C. Minta and P. M. Kareiva.) pp. 127–163. (Yale University Press: New Haven, CT.)
Crooks, K. R., and Soulé, M. E. (1999). Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system. Nature 400, 563–566.
| Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltFKrsrw%3D&md5=c7a50a7f17430304a3ab8694afa09815CAS |
Daniels, M. J., and Corbett, L. K. (2003). Redefining introgressed protected mammals: when is a wildcat a wild cat and a dingo a wild dog? Wildlife Research 30, 213–218.
| Redefining introgressed protected mammals: when is a wildcat a wild cat and a dingo a wild dog?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Davis, E. O., and Leys, A. R. (2001). Reconciling wild dog control and dingo conservation under New South Wales legislation. In ‘A Symposium on the Dingo. Sydney’. (Eds C. R. Dickman and D. Lunney.) pp. 108–110. (Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales; Sydney.)
Davies, K. F., Melbourne, B. A., James, C. D., and Cuningham, R. B. (2010). Using traits of species to understand responses to land use change: birds and livestock grazing in the Australian arid zone. Biological Conservation 143, 78–85.
| Using traits of species to understand responses to land use change: birds and livestock grazing in the Australian arid zone.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Decker, D. J., and Purdy, K. G. (1988). Toward a concept of wildlife stakeholder acceptance capacity in wildlife management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16, 3–57.
Decker, S. E., and Bath, A. J. (2010). Public versus expert opinions regarding public involvement processes used in resource and wildlife management. Conservation Letters 3, 425–434.
| Public versus expert opinions regarding public involvement processes used in resource and wildlife management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Derocher, A. E., Lunn, N. J., and Stirling, I. (2004). Polar bears in a warming climate. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44, 163–176.
| Polar bears in a warming climate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
DEWHA (2001). Landuse change, productivity and development: historical and geographical context, Final report of Theme 5.1 to the National Land and Water Resources Audit. In ‘Australian Natural Resources Atlas’. (Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government: Canberra.)
DEWHA (2008a). Threat abatement plan for predation by feral cats. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
DEWHA (2008b). Threat abatement plan for predation by the European red fox. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.
Dickman, C., Glen, A., and Letnic, M. (2009). Reintroducing the dingo: can Australia’s conservation wastelands be restored? In ‘Reintroduction of Top-order Predators’. (Eds M. W. Hayward and M. J. Somers.) pp. 238–269. (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford.)
Eldridge, S. R., Berman, D. M., and Walsh, B. (2000). Field evaluation of four 1080 baits for dingo control. Wildlife Research 27, 495–500.
| Field evaluation of four 1080 baits for dingo control.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eldridge, S. R., Shakeshaft, B. J., and Nano, T. J. (2002). The impact of wild dog control on cattle, native and introduced herbivores and introduced predators in central Australia. Final report to the Bureau of Rural Sciences. Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory, Alice Springs.
Elmhagen, B., and Rushton, S. P. (2007). Trophic control of mesopredators in terrestrial ecosystems: top-down or bottom-up? Ecology Letters 10, 197–206.
| Trophic control of mesopredators in terrestrial ecosystems: top-down or bottom-up?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fensham, R. J., and Fairfax, R. J. (2008). Water-remoteness for grazing relief in Australian arid-lands. Biological Conservation 141, 1447–1460.
| Water-remoteness for grazing relief in Australian arid-lands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fiennes, R., and Fiennes, A. (1968). ‘The Natural History of the Dog.’ (Weidenfeld and Nicolson: London.)
Fleming, P. J. S. (1996). Ground-placed baits for the control of wild dogs: evaluation of a replacement-baiting strategy in north-eastern New South Wales. Wildlife Research 23, 729–740.
| Ground-placed baits for the control of wild dogs: evaluation of a replacement-baiting strategy in north-eastern New South Wales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fleming, P. J. S. (1997). Uptake of baits by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): implications for rabies contingency planning in Australia. Wildlife Research 24, 335–346.
| Uptake of baits by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): implications for rabies contingency planning in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fleming, P. J. S., Thompson, J. A., and Nicol, H. I. (1996). Indices for measuring the efficacy of aerial baiting for wild dog control in north-eastern New South Wales. Wildlife Research 23, 665–674.
| Indices for measuring the efficacy of aerial baiting for wild dog control in north-eastern New South Wales.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fleming, P., Corbett, L., Harden, R., and Thomson, P. (2001). ‘Managing the impacts of dingoes and other wild dogs.’ (Bureau of Rural Sciences: Canberra.)
Fleming, P. J. S., Allen, L. R., Lapidge, S. J., Robley, A., Saunders, G. R., and Thomson, P. C. (2006). Strategic approach to mitigating the impacts of wild canids: proposed activities of the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, 753–762.
| Strategic approach to mitigating the impacts of wild canids: proposed activities of the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fox, M. W. (1971). ‘Behaviour of wolves, dogs and related canids.’ (Jonathon Cape: London.)
Fulton, D. C., Manfredo, M. J., and Lipscomb, J. (1996). Wildlife value orientations: a conceptual and measurement approach. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1, 24–47.
Gese, E. M., and Knowlton, F. F. (2001). ‘The role of predation in wildlife population dynamics.’ (USDA National Wildlife Research Center: Fort Collins, CO.)
Gittleman, J. L., and Gompper, M. E. (2001). The risk of extinction: what you don’t know will hurt you. Science 291, 997–999.
| The risk of extinction: what you don’t know will hurt you.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFGltbk%3D&md5=3dbd94c26e44fee2f51d03a2fc03b067CAS |
Glen, A. S., and Dickman, C. R. (2005). Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 80, 387–401.
| Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Glen, A. S., Dickman, C. R., Soule, M. E., and Mackey, B. G. (2007a). Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic regulator in Australian ecosystems. Austral Ecology 32, 492–501.
| Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic regulator in Australian ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Glen, A. S., Gentle, M. N., and Dickman, C. R. (2007b). Non-target impacts of poison baiting for predator control in Australia. Mammal Review 37, 191–205.
| Non-target impacts of poison baiting for predator control in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Grant, P. R., Grant, B. R., and Petren, K. (2005). Hybridization in the recent past. American Naturalist 166, 56–67.
| Hybridization in the recent past.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hairston, N., Smith, F., and Slobodkin, L. (1960). Community structure, population control and competition. American Naturalist 94, 421–425.
| Community structure, population control and competition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hamblin, A. (2001). ‘Land. Australia State of the Environment Report (Theme report).’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
Hayward, M. W. (2009). Moving beyond the descriptive: predicting the responses of top-order predators to reintroduction. In ‘Reintroduction of Top-order Predators’. (Eds M. W. Hayward and M. J. Somers.) pp. 345–370. (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford.)
Holling, C. S. (1978). ‘Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management.’ (John Wiley and Sons: London.)
Holmes, J. C. (1995). Population regulation: a dynamic complex of interactions. Wildlife Research 22, 11–19.
| Population regulation: a dynamic complex of interactions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hytten, K. F. (2009). Dingo dualisms: exploring the ambiguous identity of Australian dingoes. Australian Zoologist 35, 18–27.
IUCNSSC (1995). IUCN Species Survival Commision Re-introduction Specialist Group guidelines for re-introductions. Approved by the 41st Meeting of the IUCN Council, Gland Switzerland, May 1995.
James, C. D., Landsberg, J., and Morton, S. R. (1999). Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. Journal of Arid Environments 41, 87–121.
| Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Johnson, C. (2006). ‘Australia’s Mammal Extinctions: a 50 000 Year History.’ (Cambridge University press: Melbourne.)
Johnson, C., and Van Der Wal, J. (2009). Evidence that dingoes limit the abundance of a mesopredator in eastern Australian forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 46, 641–646.
| Evidence that dingoes limit the abundance of a mesopredator in eastern Australian forests.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Johnson, C. N., Isaac, J. L., and Fisher, D. O. (2007). Rarity of a top predator triggers continent-wide collapse of mammal prey: dingoes and marsupials in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences Series B 274, 341–346.
Johnston, M. J. and Marks, C. A. (1997). Attitudinal survey on vertebrate pest management in Victoria. Agriculture Victoria Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Frankston, Victoria.
Jones, E. (2009). Hybridisation between the dingo, Canis lupus dingo, and the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, in Victoria: a critical review. Australian Mammalogy 31, 1–7.
| Hybridisation between the dingo, Canis lupus dingo, and the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, in Victoria: a critical review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones, E., and Stevens, P. L. (1988). Reproduction in wild canids, Canis familiaris, from the eastern highlands of Victoria. Wildlife Research 15, 385–397.
| Reproduction in wild canids, Canis familiaris, from the eastern highlands of Victoria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kauffman, M. J., Brodie, J. F., and Jules, E. S. (2010). Are wolves saving Yellowstone’s aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviourally mediated trophic cascade. Ecology 91, 2742–2755.
| Are wolves saving Yellowstone’s aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviourally mediated trophic cascade.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kay, C. E. (1998). Are ecosystems structured from the top-down or bottom-up: a new look at an old debate. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26, 484–498.
Kowalczyk, R., Jedrzejewska, B., Zalewski, A., and Jedrzejewski, W. (2008). Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, 1389–1396.
| Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Krebs, C. J., Boonstra, R., Boutin, S., and Sinclair, A. R. E. (2001). What drives the 10-year cycle of snowshoe hares? Bioscience 51, 25–35.
| What drives the 10-year cycle of snowshoe hares?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kruuk, H. (1972). ‘The Spotted Hyena: a Study of Predation and Social Behaviour.’ (University of Chicago Press: Chicago.)
Lehmann, M. B., Funston, P. J., Owen, C. R., and Slotow, R. (2008). Feeding behaviour of lions (Panthera leo) on a small reserve. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 38, 66–78.
| Feeding behaviour of lions (Panthera leo) on a small reserve.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M. (2000). Dispossession, degradation and extinction: environmental history in arid Australia. Biodiversity and Conservation 9, 295–308.
| Dispossession, degradation and extinction: environmental history in arid Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., and Dickman, C. R. (2006). Boom means bust: interactions between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), rainfall and the processes threatening mammal species in arid Australia. Biodiversity and Conservation 15, 3847–3880.
| Boom means bust: interactions between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), rainfall and the processes threatening mammal species in arid Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., and Dworjanyn, S. A. (2011). Does a top predator reduce the predatory impact of an invasive mesopredator on an endangered rodent? Ecography 34, 827–835.
| Does a top predator reduce the predatory impact of an invasive mesopredator on an endangered rodent?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., Tamayo, B., and Dickman, C. R. (2005). The responses of mammals to La Ninã (El Ninõ southern oscillation)–associated rainfall, predation, and wildfire in central Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 86, 689–703.
| The responses of mammals to La Ninã (El Ninõ southern oscillation)–associated rainfall, predation, and wildfire in central Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., Crowther, M., and Koch, F. (2009a). Does a top-predator provide an endangered rodent with refuge from a mesopredator? Animal Conservation 12, 302–312.
| Does a top-predator provide an endangered rodent with refuge from a mesopredator?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., Koch, F., Gordon, C., Crowther, M., and Dickman, C. (2009b). Keystone effects of an alien top-predator stem extinctions of native mammals. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 276, 3249–3256.
| Keystone effects of an alien top-predator stem extinctions of native mammals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Letnic, M., Greenville, A., Denny, E., Dickman, C. R., Tischler, M., Gordon, C., and Koch, F. (2011). Does a top predator suppress the abundance of an invasive mesopredator at a continental scale? Global Ecology and Biogeography 20, 343–353.
| Does a top predator suppress the abundance of an invasive mesopredator at a continental scale?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lindberg, J., Björnerfeldt, S., Saetre, P., Svartberg, K., Seehuus, B., Bakken, M., Vilà, C., and Jazin, E. (2005). Selection for tameness has changed brain gene expression in silver foxes. Current Biology 15, R915–R916.
| Selection for tameness has changed brain gene expression in silver foxes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1GnsrvI&md5=00659c91837ea32fd371a9df68db9bb0CAS |
Lloyd, H. G., and Englund, J. (1973). The reproductive cycle of the red fox in Europe. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 19, 119–130.
| 1:STN:280:DyaE2c7ivVWhtA%3D%3D&md5=2f575ec8b937cedc7902de39ecf71dccCAS |
Lovari, S., Boesi, R., Minder, I., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Dematteis, A., and Ale, S. B. (2009). Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park. Animal Conservation 12, 559–570.
| Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lundie-Jenkins, G., and Lowry, J. (2005). Recovery plan for the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) 2005–2009: Report to the Department of Environment and Heritage (DEH), Canberra. Environmental Protection Agency/Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane.
Macdonald, D. W. (2009). Lessons learnt and plans laid: seven awkward questions for the future of reintroductions. In ‘Reintroduction of Top-order Predators’. (Eds M. W. Hayward and M. J. Somers.) pp. 411–448. (Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford.)
Macdonald, D. W., King, C. M., and Strachan, R. (2007). Introduced species and the line between biodiversity conservation and naturalistic eugenics. In ‘Key Topics in Conservation Biology’. (Eds D. W. Macdonald and K. Service.) pp. 187–206. (Blackwell Publishing: Malden.)
MacKenzie, D. I., Nichols, J. D., Royle, J. A., Pollock, K. H., Bailey, L. L., and Hines, J. E. (2006). ‘Occupancy Estimation and Modelling: Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence.’ (Academic Press (Elsevier): London.)
Mahon, P. S. (2009). Targeted control of widespread exotic species for biodiversity conservation: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in New South Wales, Australia. Ecological Management & Restoration 10, S59–S69.
| Targeted control of widespread exotic species for biodiversity conservation: the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in New South Wales, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Majić, A., and Bath, A. J. (2010). Changes in attitudes toward wolves in Croatia. Biological Conservation 143, 255–260.
| Changes in attitudes toward wolves in Croatia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Major, R. (2009). Predation and hybridisation by feral dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) – Key threatening process listing. New South Wales Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water.
Manor, R., and Saltz, D. (2004). The impact of free-roaming dogs on gazelle kid/female ratio in a fragmented area. Biological Conservation 119, 231–236.
| The impact of free-roaming dogs on gazelle kid/female ratio in a fragmented area.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McIlroy, J. C. (1981). The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. II. Marsupial and eutherian carnivores. Australian Wildlife Research 8, 385–399.
| The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. II. Marsupial and eutherian carnivores.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XotFShtg%3D%3D&md5=f8d00c8511b8328aafd4a0435adfb837CAS |
McIlroy, J. C., and King, D. R. (1990). Appropriate amounts of 1080 poison in baits to control foxes, Vulpes vulpes. Australian Wildlife Research 17, 11–13.
| Appropriate amounts of 1080 poison in baits to control foxes, Vulpes vulpes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McIlroy, J., Saunders, G., and Hinds, L. A. (2001). The reproductive performance of female red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in central New South Wales during and after a drought. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, 545–553.
McKenzie, N. L., Burbidge, A. A., Baynes, A., Brereton, R. N., Dickman, C. R., Gordon, G., Gibson, L. A., Menkhorst, P. W., Robinson, A. C., Williams, M. R., and Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2007). Analysis of factors implicated in the recent decline of Australia’s mammal fauna. Journal of Biogeography 34, 597–611.
| Analysis of factors implicated in the recent decline of Australia’s mammal fauna.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McLachlan, A. J., and Ladle, R. J. (2011). Barriers to adaptive reasoning in community ecology. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 86, 543–548.
| Barriers to adaptive reasoning in community ecology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McLeod, S. R., and Saunders, G. R. (2001). Improving management strategies for the red fox by using projection matrix analysis. Wildlife Research 28, 333–340.
| Improving management strategies for the red fox by using projection matrix analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mitchell, B. D., and Banks, P. B. (2005). Do wild dogs exclude foxes? Evidence for competition from dietary and spatial overlaps. Austral Ecology 30, 581–591.
| Do wild dogs exclude foxes? Evidence for competition from dietary and spatial overlaps.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Newton, L. G. (1992). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Australia: some historic highlights from entry to eradication. Australian Veterinary Journal 69, 306–317.
| Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Australia: some historic highlights from entry to eradication.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ltFOqtA%3D%3D&md5=66858cfadc3fa40aebb4d7eaf67d1ee1CAS |
Oksanen, L., Fretwell, S., Arruda, J., and Niemala, P. (1981). Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist 118, 240–261.
| Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pang, J.-F., Kluetsch, C., Zou, X.-J., Zhang, A.-B., Luo, L.-Y., Angleby, H., Ardalan, A., Ekström, C., Sköllermo, A., Lundeberg, J., Matsumura, S., Leitner, T., Zhang, Y.-P., and Savolainen, P. (2009). mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26, 2849–2864.
| mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVajsL%2FI&md5=c51c5d12a1441606c3df49b185587213CAS |
Parker, M. A. (2006). Bringing the Dingo Home: discursive representations of the dingo by aboriginal, colonial and contemporary Australians. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart.
Pavey, C. R., Eldridge, S. R., and Heywood, M. (2008). Population dynamics and prey selection of native and introduced predators during a rodent outbreak in arid Australia. Journal of Mammalogy 89, 674–683.
| Population dynamics and prey selection of native and introduced predators during a rodent outbreak in arid Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Platt, J. R. (1964). Strong inference: certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much more rapid progress than others. Science 146, 347–353.
| Strong inference: certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much more rapid progress than others.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3czpvFCgug%3D%3D&md5=afaadcd35750cbf969ad2092db94bc6cCAS |
Price, E. O. (2002). ‘Animal Domestication and Behaviour.’ (CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK.)
Prugh, L. R., Stoner, C. J., Epps, C. W., Bean, W. T., Ripple, W. J., Laliberte, A. S., and Brashares, J. S. (2009). The rise of the mesopredator. Bioscience 59, 779–791.
| The rise of the mesopredator.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Purcell, B.V. (2010). ‘Dingo.’ Australian Natural History Series. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
Ray, J. C., Redford, K. H., Steneck, R. S., and Berger, J. (2005). ‘Large Carnivores and the Conservation of Biodiversity.’ (Island Press: Washington.)
Ripple, W. J., and Beschta, R. L. (2007). Restoring Yellowstone’s aspen with wolves. Biological Conservation 138, 514–519.
| Restoring Yellowstone’s aspen with wolves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Risbey, D. A., Calver, M. C., Short, J., Bradley, J. S., and Wright, I. W. (2000). The impact of cats and foxes on the small vertebrate fauna of Heirisson Prong, Western Australia. II. A field experiment. Wildlife Research 27, 223–235.
| The impact of cats and foxes on the small vertebrate fauna of Heirisson Prong, Western Australia. II. A field experiment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ritchie, E. G., and Johnson, C. N. (2009). Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters 12, 982–998.
| Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Robin, L., Heinsohn, R., and Joseph, L. (2009). ‘Boom and Bust: Bird Stories for a Dry Country.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
Roemer, G., Gompper, M., and Van Valkenburgh, B. (2009). The ecological role of the mammalian mesocarnivore. Bioscience 59, 165–173.
| The ecological role of the mammalian mesocarnivore.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Saetre, P., Lindberg, J., Leonard, J. A., Olsson, K., Pettersson, U., Ellegren, H., Bergstrom, T. F., Vila, C., and Jazin, E. (2004). From wild wolf to domestic dog: gene expression changes in the brain. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 126, 198–206.
| From wild wolf to domestic dog: gene expression changes in the brain.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFOqtrw%3D&md5=07b177d59af3c5b936559d2abf981e84CAS |
Saunders, G., Coman, B., Kinnear, J., and Braysher, M. (1995). ‘Managing Vertebrate Pests: Foxes.’ (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.)
Saunders, G., McIlroy, J., Kay, B., Gifford, E., Berghout, M., and Van De Ven, R. (2002). Demography of foxes in central-western New South Wales, Australia. Mammalia 66, 247–258.
| Demography of foxes in central-western New South Wales, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Savolainen, P., Leitner, T., Wilton, A. N., Matisoo-Smith, E., and Lundeberg, J. (2004). A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 12387–12390.
| A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntFektbo%3D&md5=02494f93834a88834611b572b14deffcCAS |
Schlaepfer, M. A., Sax, D. V., and Olden, J. D. (2011). The potential conservation value of non-native species. Conservation Biology 25, 428–437.
| The potential conservation value of non-native species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Scott, J. P., and Fuller, J. L. (1974). ‘Dog Behavior: the Genetic Basis.’ (University of Chicago Press: Chicago.)
Sergio, F., Caro, T., Brown, D., Clucas, B., Hunter, J., Ketchum, J., McHugh, K., and Hiraldo, F. (2008). Top predators as conservation tools: ecological rationale, assumptions, and efficacy. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 39, 1–19.
| Top predators as conservation tools: ecological rationale, assumptions, and efficacy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Short, J., Turner, B., Risbey, D. A., and Carnamah, R. (1997). Control of feral cats for nature conservation. II. Population reduction by poisoning. Wildlife Research 24, 703–714.
| Control of feral cats for nature conservation. II. Population reduction by poisoning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shorten, K. (2010). Fraser Island dingo whisperer Jennifer Pankhurst pleads guilty. In ‘The Courier Mail’. (Brisbane), November 04, 2010.
Sillero-Zubiri, C., Sukumar, R., and Treves, A. (2007). Living with wildlife: the roots of conflict and the solutions. In ‘Key Topics in Conservation Biology’. (Eds D. W. Macdonald and K. Service.) pp. 253–270. (Blackwell Publishing: Malden.)
Sinclair, A. R. E., and Pech, R. P. (1996). Density dependence, stochasticity, compensation and predator regulation. Oikos 75, 164–173.
| Density dependence, stochasticity, compensation and predator regulation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sinclair, A. R. E., Pech, R. P., Dickman, C. R., Hik, D., Mahon, P., and Newsome, A. E. (1998). Predicting the effects of predation on conservation of endangered prey. Conservation Biology 12, 564–575.
| Predicting the effects of predation on conservation of endangered prey.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smith, A. P., and Quin, D. G. (1996). Patterns and causes of extinction and decline in Australian conilurine rodents. Biological Conservation 77, 243–267.
| Patterns and causes of extinction and decline in Australian conilurine rodents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smith, B. P., and Litchfield, C. A. (2009). A review of the relationship between indigenous Australians, dingoes (Canis dingo) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Anthrozoos 22, 111–128.
| A review of the relationship between indigenous Australians, dingoes (Canis dingo) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomson, P. C. (1984). Dingoes and sheep in pastoral areas. Journal of Agriculture Western Australia 25, 27–31.
Thomson, P. C. (1986). The effectiveness of aerial baiting for the control of dingoes in north-western Australia. Australian Wildlife Research 13, 165–176.
| The effectiveness of aerial baiting for the control of dingoes in north-western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomson, P. C. (1992a). The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 2. Activity patterns, breeding season and pup rearing. Wildlife Research 19, 519–530.
| The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 2. Activity patterns, breeding season and pup rearing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomson, P. C. (1992b). The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 3. Hunting and feeding behavior, and diet. Wildlife Research 19, 531–541.
| The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 3. Hunting and feeding behavior, and diet.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomson, P. C., Rose, K., and Kok, N. E. (1992). The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 5. Population dynamics and variation in the social system. Wildlife Research 19, 565–584.
| The behavioral ecology of dingoes in north-western Australia. 5. Population dynamics and variation in the social system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Treves, A., and Karanth, K. U. (2003). Human–carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide. Conservation Biology 17, 1491–1499.
| Human–carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Trigger, D., Mulcock, J., Gaynor, A., and Toussaint, Y. (2008). Ecological restoration, cultural preferences and the negotiation of ‘nativeness’ in Australia. Geoforum 39, 1273–1283.
| Ecological restoration, cultural preferences and the negotiation of ‘nativeness’ in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Trut, L., Oskina, I., and Kharlamova, A. (2009). Animal evolution during domestication: the domesticated fox as a model. BioEssays 31, 349–360.
| Animal evolution during domestication: the domesticated fox as a model.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tuft, K. D., Crowther, M. S., Connell, K., Müller, S., and McArthur, C. (2011). Predation risk and competitive interactions affect foraging of an endangered refuge-dependent herbivore. Animal Conservation 14, 447–457.
| Predation risk and competitive interactions affect foraging of an endangered refuge-dependent herbivore.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Twigg, L. E., Eldridge, S. R., Edwards, G. P., Shakeshaft, B. J., dePrue, N. D., and Adams, N. (2000). The longevity and efficacy of 1080 meat baits used for dingo control in central Australia. Wildlife Research 27, 473–481.
| The longevity and efficacy of 1080 meat baits used for dingo control in central Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Van Dyck, S., and Strahan, R. (Eds) (2008). ‘The Mammals of Australia.’ 3rd edn. (Reed New Holland: Sydney.)
Van Valkenburgh, B. (1988). Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals. Paleobiology 14, 155–173.
Varley, N., and Boyce, M. S. (2006). Adaptive management for reintroductions: updating a wolf recovery model for Yellowstone National Park. Ecological Modelling 193, 315–339.
| Adaptive management for reintroductions: updating a wolf recovery model for Yellowstone National Park.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vernes, K., Dennis, A., and Winter, J. (2001). Mammalian diet and broad hunting strategy of the dingo (Canis familiaris dingo) in the wet tropical rain forests of northeastern Australia. Biotropica 33, 339–345.
Vila, C., Sundqvist, A. K., Flagstad, O., Seddon, J., Bjornerfeldt, S., Kojola, I., Casulli, A., Sand, H., Wabakken, P., and Ellegren, H. (2003). Rescue of a severely bottlenecked wolf (Canis lupus) population by a single immigrant. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 270, 91–97.
| Rescue of a severely bottlenecked wolf (Canis lupus) population by a single immigrant.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Visser, R. L., Watson, J. E. M., Dickman, C. R., Southgate, R., Jenkins, D., and Johnson, C. N. (2009). A national framework for research on trophic regulation by the dingo in Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 15, 209–216.
vonHoldt, B. M., Pollinger, J. P., Lohmueller, K. E., Han, E., Parker, H. G., Quignon, P., Degenhardt, J. D., Boyko, A. R., Earl, D. A., Auton, A., Reynolds, A., Bryc, K., Brisbin, A., Knowles, J. C., Mosher, D. S., Spady, T. C., Elkahloun, A., Geffen, E., Pilot, M., Jedrzejewski, W., Greco, C., Randi, E., Bannasch, D., Wilton, A., Shearman, J., Musiani, M., Cargill, M., Jones, P. G., Qian, Z., Huang, W., Ding, Z.-L., Zhang, Y.-P., Bustamante, C. D., Ostrander, E. A., Novembre, J., and Wayne, R. K. (2010). Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication. Nature 464, 898–902.
| Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjsFSqu70%3D&md5=0b87bb84e00eb0ee53c7a674d935de5cCAS |
Vucetich, J.A., Hebblewhite, M., Smith, D.W., and Peterson, R.O. (2011). Predicting prey population dynamics from kill rate, predation rate and predator–prey ratios in three wolf–ungulate systems. Journal of Animal Ecology 80, 1236–1245.
| Predicting prey population dynamics from kill rate, predation rate and predator–prey ratios in three wolf–ungulate systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wallach, A. D., Ritchie, E. G., Read, J., and O’Neill, A. (2009). More than mere numbers: the impact of lethal control on the social stability of a top-order predator. PLoS ONE 4, e6861.
| More than mere numbers: the impact of lethal control on the social stability of a top-order predator.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
White, P. C. L., and Ward, A. I. (2010). Interdisciplinary approaches for the management of existing and emerging human–wildlife conflicts. Wildlife Research 37, 623–629.
| Interdisciplinary approaches for the management of existing and emerging human–wildlife conflicts.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wickstrom, M., Thomas, M., Henderson, R., and Eason, C. T. (1999). Development and evaluation of baits for feral cat control. Science for Conservation (Wellington) 127, 67–74.
Williamson, M. (1996). ‘Biological Invasions.’ (Chapman and Hall.: London.)
Williams, S. E., Williams, Y. N., VanDerWal, J., Isaac, J. L., Shoo, L. P., and Johnson, C. N. (2009). Ecological specialization and population size in a biodiversity hotspot: how rare species avoid extinction. Proceedings of the National Acedemy of Sciences 106, 19737–19741.
| Ecological specialization and population size in a biodiversity hotspot: how rare species avoid extinction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntFKku7c%3D&md5=f100cb23462a5bcf479bf56860e0064eCAS |
Wroe, S., Clausen, P., McHenry, C., Moreno, K., and Cunningham, E. (2007). Computer simulation of feeding behaviour in the thylacine and dingo as a novel test for convergence and niche overlap. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 274, 2819–2828.
| Computer simulation of feeding behaviour in the thylacine and dingo as a novel test for convergence and niche overlap.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
