Australian lizards are outstanding models for reproductive biology research
James U. Van Dyke
A S , Michael B. Thompson B , Christopher P. Burridge C , Meghan A. Castelli D E , Simon Clulow F , Duminda S. B. Dissanayake D E , Caroline M. Dong G , J. Sean Doody H , Danielle L. Edwards I , Tariq Ezaz D , Christopher R. Friesen J , Michael G. Gardner K L , Arthur Georges D , Megan Higgie M , Peta L. Hill C , Clare E. Holleley E , Daniel Hoops N O , Conrad J. Hoskin M , Deirdre L. Merry C , Julia L. Riley P , Erik Wapstra C , Geoffrey M. While C , Sarah L. Whiteley D E , Martin J. Whiting Q , Stephen M. Zozaya R and Camilla M. Whittington B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Wodonga Campus, Wodonga, Vic. 3690, Australia.
B School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
C School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
D Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
E Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
F Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
G School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
H Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, St Petersburg Campus, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
I School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
J School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
K College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
L Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
M College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
N Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada.
O Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
P Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Q Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
R Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
S Corresponding author. Email: j.vandyke@latrobe.edu.au
Australian Journal of Zoology 68(4) 168-199 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO21017
Submitted: 14 May 2021 Accepted: 17 August 2021 Published: 28 September 2021
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Australian lizards are a diverse group distributed across the continent and inhabiting a wide range of environments. Together, they exhibit a remarkable diversity of reproductive morphologies, physiologies, and behaviours that is broadly representative of vertebrates in general. Many reproductive traits exhibited by Australian lizards have evolved independently in multiple lizard lineages, including sociality, complex signalling and mating systems, viviparity, and temperature-dependent sex determination. Australian lizards are thus outstanding model organisms for testing hypotheses about how reproductive traits function and evolve, and they provide an important basis of comparison with other animals that exhibit similar traits. We review how research on Australian lizard reproduction has contributed to answering broader evolutionary and ecological questions that apply to animals in general. We focus on reproductive traits, processes, and strategies that are important areas of current research, including behaviours and signalling involved in courtship; mechanisms involved in mating, egg production, and sperm competition; nesting and gestation; sex determination; and finally, birth in viviparous species. We use our review to identify important questions that emerge from an understanding of this body of research when considered holistically. Finally, we identify additional research questions within each topic that Australian lizards are well suited for reproductive biologists to address.
Keywords: social behaviour, mating behaviour, developmental biology, sexual conflict, chemical communication, squamate, reptile, ecology, evolution.
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