Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations
Meeghan E. Gray A B E , David S. Thain A , Elissa Z. Cameron C and Lowell A. Miller D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street MS 202, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
B Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
C Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa.
D National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/-APHIS/WS/NWRC, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: mgray@cabnr.unr.edu
Wildlife Research 37(6) 475-481 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR09175
Submitted: 15 December 2009 Accepted: 28 August 2010 Published: 18 October 2010
Abstract
Context.: Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations; however, the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently because they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility.
Aims.: We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac® and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B™, in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were developed to provide several years of infertility with one injection.
Methods.: Females were treated in June 2005 with either GonaCon-B (n = 24), SpayVac (n = 20), adjuvant only (n = 22), or received no injection (n = 18). Females were monitored for fertility status year round for 3 years after treatment.
Key results.: Both contraceptive treatments significantly reduced fertility for 3 years. Fertility rates for GonaCon-B mares were 39%, 42% and 31%, respectively, and 37%, 50% and 44% for SpayVac mares. During the same seasons, 61%, 67% and 76% of control females were fertile. We found no significant effects from contraceptive treatment on the sex ratio of foals, birthing season or foal survival.
Conclusions.: These results demonstrated that both vaccines are capable of significantly reducing fertility for several years without boosters.
Implications.: Contraceptive vaccines examined in the present study represent a useful tool for the management of feral horses, because of their being efficacious for 3 years in the absence of booster immunisations.
Additional keywords: field study, GnRH vaccine, immunocontraception, population control, PZP vaccine, side effects, wild horses.
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