Characterisation of initial fire weather conditions for large spring wildfires in Alberta, Canada
Cordy Tymstra A C , Piyush Jain B and Mike D. Flannigan A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada.
B Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 122 Street, NW, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada.
C Corresponding author. Email: cordy.tymstra@ualberta.ca
International Journal of Wildland Fire 30(11) 823-835 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF21045
Submitted: 8 April 2021 Accepted: 27 August 2021 Published: 16 September 2021
Journal Compilation © IAWF 2021 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
We evaluated surface and 500-hPa synoptic weather patterns, and fire weather indices from the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System for 80 large wildfires during 1990–2019 in Alberta that started in May and grew to over 1000 ha. Spread days were identified during the first 4 days of wildfire activity. We observed two distinct synoptic weather patterns on these days. Pre-frontal and frontal passage activity was the predominant feature associated with 48% of the calendar spread days. Strong south–south-east winds from a surface high centred east of Alberta (west of Hudson Bay) and supported by an upper ridge, and a surface low located south-west of the ridge occurred on 26% of the calendar spread days. Surface analysis indicates the spring wildfire season in Alberta is driven by very high to extreme Initial Spread Index, a rating of the expected wildfire rate of spread based on Fine Fuel Moisture Code and wind. Very high to extreme values of Buildup Index, a rating of the amount of fuel available for consumption, are not a prerequisite for large wildfires in May. For Alberta, this means large wildfires in May can occur after only a few days of dry, windy weather.
Keywords: wildfire spread, spring boreal wildfires, synoptic weather patterns, fire danger.
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