Fire history in Andean Araucaria–Nothofagus forests: coupled influences of past human land-use and climate on fire regimes in north-west Patagonia
Mauro E. González A B F , Ariel A. Muñoz B C , Álvaro González-Reyes D , Duncan A. Christie A B and Jason Sibold EA Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
B Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago, Chile.
C Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
D Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
E Department of Anthropology and Geography, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
F Corresponding author. Email: maurogonzalez@uach.cl
International Journal of Wildland Fire 29(8) 649-660 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF19174
Submitted: 16 October 2019 Accepted: 11 April 2020 Published: 7 May 2020
Journal Compilation © IAWF 2020 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Historical fire regimes are critical for understanding the potential effects of changing climate and human land-use on forest landscapes. Fire is a major disturbance process affecting the Andean Araucaria forest landscape in north-west Patagonia. The main goals of this study were to reconstruct the fire history of the Andean Araucaria–Nothofagus forests and to evaluate the coupled influences of climate and humans on fire regimes. Reconstructions of past fires indicated that the Araucaria forest landscape has been shaped by widespread, stand-replacing fires favoured by regional interannual climate variability related to major tropical and extratropical climate drivers in the southern hemisphere. Summer precipitation and streamflow reconstructions tended to be below average during fire years. Fire events were significantly related to positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode and to warm and dry summers following El Niño events. Although Euro-Chilean settlement (1883–1960) resulted in widespread burning, cattle ranching by Pehuenche Native Americans during the 18th and 19th centuries also appears to have changed the fire regime. In the context of climate change, two recent widespread wildfires (2002 and 2015) affecting Araucaria forests appear to be novel and an early indication of a climate change driven shift in fire regimes in north-west Patagonia.
Additional keywords: climate variability, dendroecology, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Native Americans, Southern Annular Mode, tree-rings.
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