Abrupt regime shifts in post-fire resilience of Mediterranean mountain pinewoods are fuelled by land use
J. Julio Camarero A F , Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda A B , Sebastián Pérez-Díaz C , Cristina Montiel-Molina D , Francisco Seijo E and José Antonio López-Sáez C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, E-50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
B Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, EiFAB, iuFOR-Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain.
C Archaeobiology Group, Institute of History (CCHS-CSIC), Calle de Albasanz, 26, E-28037 Madrid, Spain.
D Department of Geography, Complutense University of Madrid, C/ Profesor Aranguren s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
E IE School of International Relations, Calle de María de Molina 13, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
F Corresponding author. Email: jjcamarero@ipe.csic.es
International Journal of Wildland Fire 28(5) 329-341 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF18160
Submitted: 17 September 2018 Accepted: 9 January 2019 Published: 20 February 2019
Abstract
Post-fire forest resilience must be quantified in a long-term perspective considering changes in land-use related to fire dynamics. Historical land-use changes leading to increased wildfire severity may produce no analogue regime shifts including a loss in post-fire growth recovery. Here we reconstruct the historical fire dynamics by combining paleoecological proxies, historical fire records and tree-ring width data of relict Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii forests in the Sierra de Gredos (central Spain). A high incidence of historical fires was recorded in the 1890s, coinciding with a peak in charcoal accumulation rates and a sharp decrease in pollen of P. nigra/Pinus sylvestris with a rapid increase of pollen of more flammable Pinus pinaster and shrubs. The shift observed in pollen assemblages, coupled with a peak in charcoal influx, support the occurrence of high-severity fires during the 1890s, when abrupt growth suppressions were observed. Trees took 2 years to recover to their pre-fire growth rates. Lasting growth-recovery periods or no growth suppression were observed in the 1920s and 1980s, when fire frequency was also high but the study sites were fragmented or protected. We documented an abrupt regime shift in the fire record during the 1890s affecting pine forests, which rapidly recovered pre-fire growth rates.
Additional keywords: dendroecology, fire record, growth suppression, Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii, post-fire growth recovery.
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