Fuel dynamics during oak woodland and savanna restoration in the Mid-South USA
Andrew L. Vander Yacht
A E , Patrick D. Keyser A , Charles Kwit B , Michael C. Stambaugh C , Wayne K. Clatterbuck B and Dean M. Simon D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Center for Native Grasslands Management, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
B Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
C Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, 203 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
D North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 8676 Will Hudson Road, Lawndale, NC 28090, USA.
E Corresponding author. Email: avandery@vols.utk.edu
International Journal of Wildland Fire 28(1) 70-84 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF18048
Submitted: 4 April 2018 Accepted: 29 October 2018 Published: 7 December 2018
Abstract
Thinning and burning can restore imperilled oak woodlands and savannas in the Southern Appalachian and Central Hardwood regions of the USA, but concomitant effects on fuels are less understood. We monitored (2008 to 2016) fuel load response to replicated combinations of thinning (none, 7, and 14 m2 ha−1 residual basal area) and seasonal fire (none, March, and October) at three sites. All treatments except burn-only increased total fuel loading. Thinning doubled (+16 Mg ha−1) 1000-h fuels relative to controls, and three fires in 6 years did not eliminate this difference. Increasing thinning intensity did not consistently enhance the combustion of larger fuels. October fires reduced 100- and 10-h fuels more than March fires. Burning alone reduced leaf litter and 1-h twigs by 30%. Burning after thinning doubled this reduction but increased herbaceous fuels 19-fold. Herbaceous fuels increased at a rate that suggests compensation for losses in woody fine fuels with continued burning. Where fuel reduction is a goal, restoration strategies could be more intentionally designed; however, oak woodlands and savannas are inherently more flammable than closed-canopy forests. Management decisions will ultimately involve weighing the risks associated with increased fuel loads against the benefits of restoring open oak communities.
Additional keywords: fire season, fuel treatment, herbaceous fuel, prescribed fire, Quercus, thinning.
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