Replacing time with space: using laboratory fires to explore the effects of repeated burning on black carbon degradation
Wade T. Tinkham A , Alistair M. S. Smith B G , Philip E. Higuera C , Jeffery A. Hatten D , Nolan W. Brewer E and Stefan H. Doerr F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
B Idaho Fire Initiative for Research and Education (IFIRE), College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
C Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana. Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
D College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
E Washington Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA 98504, USA.
F Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
G Corresponding author. Email: alistair@uidaho.edu
International Journal of Wildland Fire 25(2) 242-248 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15131
Submitted: 22 July 2015 Accepted: 2 November 2015 Published: 25 January 2016
Abstract
Soil organic matter plays a key role in the global carbon cycle, representing three to four times the total carbon stored in plant or atmospheric pools. Although fires convert a portion of the faster cycling organic matter to slower cycling black carbon (BC), abiotic and biotic degradation processes can significantly shorten BC residence times. Repeated fires may also reduce residence times, but this mechanism has received less attention. Here we show that BC exposed to repeated experimental burns is exponentially reduced through four subsequent fires, by 37.0, 82.5, 98.6 and 99.0% of BC mass. Repeated burning can thus be a significant BC loss mechanism, particularly in ecosystems where fire return rates are high, relative to BC soil incorporation rates. We further consider loss rates in the context of simulated BC budgets, where 0–100% of BC is protected from subsequent fires, implicitly representing ecosystems with varying fire regimes and BC transport and incorporation rates. After five burns, net BC storage was reduced by as much as 68% by accounting for degradation from repeated burning. These results illustrate the importance of accounting for BC loss from repeated burning, further highlighting the potential conflict between managing forests for increasing soil carbon storage vs maintaining historic fire regimes.
Additional keywords: carbon storage, CTO-375, ecosystems, fire regimes, soil incorporation.
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