Sheep grazing to control weeds enhances soil carbon, not nitrogen
Upendra Sainju
A C , Patrick Hatfield B and Devon Ragen B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, Sidney, Montana, USA.
B Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: upendra.sainju@usda.gov
Soil Research - https://doi.org/10.1071/SR19353
Submitted: 4 December 2019 Accepted: 7 May 2020 Published online: 6 July 2020
Abstract
Sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing on weeds and crop residue during the fallow period may enhance soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) through urine and faeces returned to the soil. We compared sheep grazing, tillage, and herbicide application as weed management practices on soil total C (STC), total N (STN), ammonium (NH4+)-N, and nitrate (NO3–)-N contents in a dryland 5-year crop rotation from 2012 to 2015 in the northern Great Plains, USA. The treatments were sheep grazing with no chemical input in organic crop production (GO), minimum tillage with chemical inputs (MT), and conventional tillage with no chemical input in organic crop production (TO). The 5-year crop rotation was safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)/sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) cover crop–sweet clover cover crop–winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–lentil (Lens culinaris L.)–winter wheat. At the 0–1.20 m depth, STC was 14–20 Mg C ha–1 greater in GO than MT and TO, but STN was 2.1–2.2 Mg N ha–1 greater in TO than GO and MT. The NH4+-N and NO3–-N contents were 5–21 kg N ha–1 greater in MT than GO and TO. While STC and STN tended to increase with year for all treatments, NH4+-N and NO3–-N contents varied with treatments and years. Sheep grazing enhanced soil C storage, but had a variable effect on N storage and residual N compared to tillage and herbicide application for weed control.
Additional keywords: carbon sequestration, crop rotation, integrated crop–livestock system, soil organic matter, soil residual nitrogen, weed management practice.
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