Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status
P. W. Moody
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
Environment and Resource Sciences, Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia. Email: Phil.Moody@derm.qld.gov.au
Soil Research 49(3) 247-252 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10140
Submitted: 12 July 2010 Accepted: 23 September 2010 Published: 12 April 2011
Abstract
Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.
References
Aitken RL, Outhwaite RJ (1987) A modified centrifuge apparatus for extracting soil solution. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 18, 1041–1047.| A modified centrifuge apparatus for extracting soil solution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) ‘Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality. Vol. 1. The guidelines.’ (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand: Canberra, ACT)
Baker J, Rayment G, Roth C, Johnson A, Pearson R, Reichelt R, Shaw R, Furnas M, Moss A, Murphy P (2003) A report on the study of land-sourced pollutants and their impacts on water quality in and adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (Science Panel—Reef Protection Panel Report). Premiers Department, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available at: http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20030401110754/http://ea.gov.au/coasts/pollution/reef/science/pubs/full-science.pdf
Barlow K, Nash D, Grayson RB (2005) Phosphorus export at the paddock, farm-section, and whole farm scale on an irrigated dairy farm in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, 1–9.
| Phosphorus export at the paddock, farm-section, and whole farm scale on an irrigated dairy farm in south-eastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXoslKmtA%3D%3D&md5=76c71e555b80d7904ddc9bb1386196b6CAS |
Bloesch PM, Rayment GE (2006) Phosphorus fertility assessment of intensively farmed areas of catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area; 2: Potential of soils to release soluble phosphorus. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37, 2265–2276.
| Phosphorus fertility assessment of intensively farmed areas of catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area; 2: Potential of soils to release soluble phosphorus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFels7fN&md5=4c276a12a74b00b4e6bf52fc34db24afCAS |
Boström B, Persson G, Broberg B (1988) Bioavailability of different phosphorus forms in freshwater systems. Hydrobiologia 170, 133–155.
| Bioavailability of different phosphorus forms in freshwater systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Burkitt LL, Moody PW, Gourley CJP, Hannah MC (2002) A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 40, 497–513.
| A simple phosphorus buffering index for Australian soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xks1eksL0%3D&md5=91eb11efc3fe4e2fb7989f29f6dc6654CAS |
Chaston KAV (2002) Sediment nutrient bioavailability in a sub-tropical catchment dominated by agriculture: the transition from land to sea. PhD Thesis, Department of Botany, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Colwell JD (1963) The estimation of the phosphorus fertilizer requirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soil analysis. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 3, 190–198.
| The estimation of the phosphorus fertilizer requirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soil analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXnvVOhsQ%3D%3D&md5=d5a1df5fb6a477ec912a5eeef1f532b3CAS |
Cottingham P, Bennison G, Dunn R, Lidston J, Robinson D (1995) Algal bloom and nutrient status of Victorian inland waters. Report prepared for Government of Victoria, Melbourne.
Department of the Environment and Heritage (2006) Coastal water quality, Western Australia’s Peel-Harvey estuarine system. Paper prepared for the 2006 Australian State of the Environment Committee, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. Available at: www.environment.gov.au/soe/2006/publications/emerging/coastal-wq-peel-harvey/pubs/coastal-wq-peel-harvey.pdf
Dougherty WJ, Nash DM, Cox JW, Chittleborough DJ, Fleming NK (2008) Small-scale, high intensity rainfall simulation under-estimates natural runoff P concentrations from pastures on hill-slopes. Australian Journal of Soil Research 46, 694–702.
| Small-scale, high intensity rainfall simulation under-estimates natural runoff P concentrations from pastures on hill-slopes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVCms7zJ&md5=1a18df72124f5279e1b91a4bf00ca65cCAS |
Gartley KL, Sims JT (1994) Phosphorus soil testing: environmental uses and implications. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, 1565–1582.
| Phosphorus soil testing: environmental uses and implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjt1ajsrw%3D&md5=461aa93e156a09285d6ef035d46cf77eCAS |
Gourley CJP (1987) A revision of the model predicting pasture yield responses from soil phosphorus levels in Superate. Technical Report No. 148. Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Victoria.
Gourley CJP, James GS (1997) Predicting the response of irrigated perennial pasture to superphosphate in Victoria. Australian Journal of Soil Research 35, 301–312.
| Predicting the response of irrigated perennial pasture to superphosphate in Victoria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guo F, Yost RS, Jones RC (1996) Evaluating iron-impregnated paper strips for assessing available soil phosphorus. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 27, 2561–2590.
| Evaluating iron-impregnated paper strips for assessing available soil phosphorus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvFanu7k%3D&md5=8f1c0c07a181b98fb25abd9635a6512fCAS |
Heanes DL (1984) Determination of total organic-C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectroscopic procedure. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 15, 1191–1213.
| Determination of total organic-C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectroscopic procedure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXmt12itL8%3D&md5=4566bf15a19c78f945ceda981d9a23eeCAS |
Hesketh N, Brookes PC (2000) Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 105–110.
| Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXot1aqsw%3D%3D&md5=28ea09d236029715cf3503d19f37f60aCAS |
Isbell RF (2002) ‘The Australian Soil Classification.’ Revised edn (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Jones JB (1990) Universal soil extractants: their composition and use. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 21, 1091–1101.
| Universal soil extractants: their composition and use.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXktFCktw%3D%3D&md5=eb9eb17fe85db989a923a82200adf817CAS |
Kleinman PJA, Bryant RB, Reid WS, Sharpley AN, Pimentel D (2000) Using soil phosphorus behaviour to identify environmental thresholds. Soil Science 165, 943–950.
| Using soil phosphorus behaviour to identify environmental thresholds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVSitw%3D%3D&md5=ce5da7ff74a3fce10dafbfb62d5f4c4cCAS |
Koopmans GF, McDowell RW, Chardon WJ, Oenema O, Dolfing J (2002) Soil phosphorus quantity-intensity relationships to predict increased soil phosphorus loss to overland and subsurface flow. Chemosphere 48, 679–687.
| Soil phosphorus quantity-intensity relationships to predict increased soil phosphorus loss to overland and subsurface flow.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xlt1Oit7k%3D&md5=1680123ccf5e039c75e13da2fc259c24CAS | 12201198PubMed |
Moody PW (2007) Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45, 55–62.
| Interpretation of a single-point P buffering index for adjusting critical levels of the Colwell soil P test.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhs1yqsL0%3D&md5=f8a5dafc8c2a056831ffe9c495215f3bCAS |
Moody PW, Bolland MDA (1999) Phosphorus. In ‘Soil analysis: an interpretation manual’. (Eds KI Peverill, LA Sparrow, DJ Reuter) pp. 187–220. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Murphy J, Riley JP (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27, 31–36.
| A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF38XksVyntr8%3D&md5=e189243789e20e677e0bb4d0bf28f871CAS |
Nash DM, Halliwell DJ (1999) Fertilisers and phosphorus loss from productive grazing systems. Australian Journal of Soil Research 37, 403–429.
| Fertilisers and phosphorus loss from productive grazing systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture, Circular No. 939.
Pautler MC, Sims JT (2000) Relationships between soil test phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and phosphorus saturation in Delaware soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, 765–773.
| Relationships between soil test phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and phosphorus saturation in Delaware soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXms1OrtLg%3D&md5=a974a0f674db5c4705d45480c88f42a6CAS |
Penn CJ, Mullins GL, Zelazny LW (2005) Mineralogy in relation to phosphorus sorption and dissolved phosphorus losses in runoff. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, 1532–1540.
| Mineralogy in relation to phosphorus sorption and dissolved phosphorus losses in runoff.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWis7nI&md5=6ef22f4632c19473b0e40ff6c6ee18c6CAS |
Probert ME, Moody PW (1998) Relating phosphorus quantity, intensity, and buffer capacity to phosphorus uptake. Australian Journal of Soil Research 36, 389–393.
| Relating phosphorus quantity, intensity, and buffer capacity to phosphorus uptake.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsVSmu70%3D&md5=4b3581de6da4e05f0a2f38d1a38aeb39CAS |
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) ‘Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods.’ (Inkata Press: Melbourne)
Schindler FV, Guidry DR, German RH, Gelderman RH, Gerwing JR (2009) Assessing extractable soil phosphorus methods in estimating phosphorus concentrations in surface run-off from Calcic Hapludolls. Soil Use and Management 25, 11–20.
| Assessing extractable soil phosphorus methods in estimating phosphorus concentrations in surface run-off from Calcic Hapludolls.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schofield RK (1955) Can a precise meaning be given to ‘available’ soil phosphorus? Soils and Fertilizers 18, 373–375.
Sharpley AN (1993) Assessing phosphorus bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff. Fertilizer Research 36, 259–272.
| Assessing phosphorus bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjt1ajs7w%3D&md5=ddee684de2b841b2366575f830f0ad56CAS |
Sims JT, Maguire RO, Leytem AB, Gartley KL, Pautler MC (2002) Evaluation of Mehlich 3 as an agri-environmental soil phosphorus test for the Mid-Atlantic United States of America. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, 2016–2032.
| Evaluation of Mehlich 3 as an agri-environmental soil phosphorus test for the Mid-Atlantic United States of America.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XoslKhtrY%3D&md5=7e601e69a483dcd19c6ef8fee5b5d7d9CAS |
Van der Zee SEAT, van Riemsdijk WH, de Haan FAM (1990) Protocol for phosphate saturated soils. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands [in Dutch].
