Phosphorus budget and organic phosphorus fractions in response to long-term applications of chemical fertilisers and pig manure in a Mollisol
Chun Song A B C , Xiaozeng Han A D and Enli Wang B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, National Observation Station of Hailun Agroecology System, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
B CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
D Corresponding author. Email: xzhan@neigaehrb.ac.cn
Soil Research 49(3) 253-260 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10169
Submitted: 15 August 2010 Accepted: 8 October 2010 Published: 12 April 2011
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of chemical fertiliser and pig manure application on the phosphorus (P) balance and changes of soil organic P (Po) fractions in a Mollisol following 14 years of maize–soybean–wheat rotation in Northeast China. The experiment was designed according to the local crop rotation and management system, consisting of a control treatment with no fertiliser application, a treatment with chemical nitrogen (N) and P fertilisers, and a treatment with chemical N and P fertilisers plus pig manure. The results suggest that the levels of local chemical fertiliser applications seem to balance the P removal by the crops, while the additional P in the pig manure resulted in substantial accumulation of P in the soil despite greater crop production. Analysis of Po fractions showed that long-term cultivation without fertilisation reduced the soil labile Po. Additions of P through application of chemical fertilisers only preserved the labile Po content, whereas addition of chemical P fertiliser plus pig manure increased the labile Po content. Comparison between 1993 and 2007 soil samples indicates that the moderately labile Po content declined in all treatments, whereas the non-labile Po content increased. These results suggest that the moderately labile Po may be transformed into labile Po and Pi, and that some active P fractions were immobilised during long-term cultivation. Adding fertiliser increased P availability and alleviated soil P immobilisation.
Additional keywords: crop phosphorus uptake, manure application, maize–soybean–wheat rotation, Northeast China, phosphorus balance.
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