A systematic evaluation of mobile apps to improve the uptake of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
J. Danielle Sharpe
A C and Mustapha T. Kamara B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, CNR 3050J, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
B Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: danielle.sharpe@emory.edu
Sexual Health 15(6) 587-594 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH18120
Submitted: 16 March 2018 Accepted: 2 October 2018 Published: 23 October 2018
Abstract
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of HIV infection, yet persons at-risk for acquiring HIV exhibit suboptimal uptake of and adherence to this prevention modality. Although PrEP use among all at-risk groups is low, mobile apps have been shown to increase the use of PrEP; however, it is unknown whether currently available apps have been designed with features to facilitate PrEP uptake and adherence. Methods: The Google Play store and Apple App store were systematically searched for currently available PrEP-related apps. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on apps that met the inclusion criteria for the presence of features that can contribute to PrEP uptake and adherence, and the quality of apps was assessed using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) tool. Results: From the systematic search, less than 2% (11/621) of the identified apps were relevant to improving PrEP uptake and adherence. Demonstrating a moderate capacity for facilitating PrEP use, the 11 PrEP-related apps, on average, contained features that addressed two of four factors that can contribute to the uptake of PrEP, particularly features that provided comprehensive information on PrEP and resources to locate providers and clinics offering PrEP services. Findings from the app quality assessment suggested that existing PrEP-related apps are of acceptable quality (mean overall MARS score: 3.2 on a five-point scale). Conclusion: Overall, currently available mobile apps for PrEP demonstrate some promise as potential avenues for increasing PrEP uptake and adherence among persons at-risk for HIV infection.
Additional keywords: health promotion, HIV prevention, mHealth, Mobile App Rating Scale, mobile apps, technology.
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