Trends in diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease in an Australian sexual health clinic, 2002–16: before and after clinical audit feedback
Jane L. Goller A D , Christopher K. Fairley B , Alysha M. De Livera A , Marcus Y. Chen B , Catriona S. Bradshaw B , Eric P. F. Chow
B , Rebecca Guy C and Jane S. Hocking A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B Central Clinical School, Monash University and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia.
C The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: jane.goller@unimelb.edu.au
Sexual Health 16(3) 247-253 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH18119
Submitted: 16 June 2018 Accepted: 7 February 2019 Published: 3 April 2019
Abstract
Background: A 2006 Australian sexual health clinic audit of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) diagnosis rates found variability between doctors. Doctors were given audit feedback towards increasing diagnosis and reducing variability. The clinic implemented other improvements to increase capacity. This study investigated PID diagnosis time trends before and after feedback. Methods: Yearly PID diagnosis rates for women aged 16–49 years attending the clinic (2002–16) were calculated. Using multivariable generalised linear mixed models, adjusted for patient risk and lower genital infection (any of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, bacterial vaginosis) and stratified by before (2002–June 2007) and after (July 2007–2016) feedback, we assessed if PID rates changed over time, accounting for between-doctor variability. Results: During 2002-16, 144 doctors undertook 84 476 female consultations and diagnosed 1755 (2.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–2.2) with PID. Comparing 2002–03 to 2015–16, the yearly PID rate increased; 0.8% (37/4836) to 2.9% (209/7088). Comparing before and after feedback more women reported any symptoms at triage (35.1%–47.2%) or had a lower genital infection diagnosed (10.1%–14.9%). After feedback, PID rates increased by 8% yearly (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.06–1.11), but were unchanged (adjusted IRR (aIRR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.03) after adjustment for patient characteristics. Factors associated with PID were self-reported symptoms, younger age and a lower genital infection. Lower variability in doctor-specific rates was observed after feedback. Conclusions: Increasing PID diagnosis rates appeared to be driven by a greater female patient risk profile, influenced by increased capacity following service improvements.
Additional keywords: diagnostic criteria, service improvements, sexually transmissible infections.
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