Some genera in Myrtaceae have been grouped with taxa without apparent shared features with common evolutionary origins. To address this, we analysed an expanded DNA dataset in combination with data from morphology, and reassessed relationships of the genera Kania, Xanthomyrtus and Cloezia. As a result, the tribe Kanieae was redefined as monogeneric, the genera formerly grouped with it were assigned to the new tribe Tristaniopsideae, and the morphological divergence and genetic distance shown by Cloezia and Xanthomyrtus justify placement of them in separate tribes.

The genus Pogonolepis comprises an otherwise morphologically indistinguishable pair of one outcrossing and one non-outcrossing species. I generated sequence capture data to test the genetic segregation of P. stricta and P. muelleriana and the utility of sequence capture data for species circumscription and diagnostics. Phylogenetic analysis showed the two species to form two specimen clades, supporting the current taxonomy, but contrary to expectations, non-outcrossing P. muelleriana exhibited lower gene concordance than its outcrossing sister species.

We present the first DNA analysis of relationships among the 15 species of Philotheca section Erionema. Our results support the current circumscription of six species in the group, suggest that two other species are not distinct from each other and show that two current species contain disparate evolutionary lineages that should be recognised as distinct species. This contributes to knowledge of the diversity and evolution of plants in the Australian flora.