Tasmanian and Victorian populations of the fern Asplenium hookerianum result from independent dispersals from New Zealand
Leon R. Perrie A E , Daniel J. Ohlsen B , Lara D. Shepherd C , Michael Garrett D , Patrick J. Brownsey A and Michael J. Bayly B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand.
B School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
C Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
D PO Box 49, Bicheno, Tas. 7215, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: leonp@tepapa.govt.nz
Australian Systematic Botany 23(6) 387-392 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB10028
Submitted: 23 June 2010 Accepted: 17 September 2010 Published: 23 December 2010
Abstract
The fern Asplenium hookerianum Colenso (Aspleniaceae) is indigenous to New Zealand and Australia. In New Zealand, it is widespread and genetically diverse, with 26 haplotypes previously identified for the chloroplast trnL–trnF locus. In Australia, A. hookerianum is currently known only from two small populations in Victoria and two in Tasmania. The present study assessed the diversity, relationships and biogeographic history of the Australian populations. A single trnL–trnF haplotype was identified in Tasmanian populations, and it was shared with populations in south-western New Zealand. The single haplotype found in Victorian populations was unique and most similar to a haplotype found in populations from central and eastern North Island, New Zealand. Relationships among haplotypes suggest that the two Australian haplotypes are derived within the group (not close to the root of the haplotype network) and only distantly related. This pattern is consistent with two independent dispersals of A. hookerianum from New Zealand to Australia. These findings are unique in providing evidence for more than one trans-Tasman dispersal event in a species of vascular plant.
References
Brownsey PJ (1998) Aspleniaceae. In ‘Flora of Australia. Vol. 48’. (Ed. PM McCarthy) pp. 295–327. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)Brownsey PJ (2001) New Zealand’s pteridophyte flora – plants of ancient lineage but recent arrival? Brittonia 53, 284–303.
Bush CM, Wagstaff SJ, Fritsch PW, Kron KA (2009) The phylogeny, biogeography and morphological evolution of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from Australia and New Zealand. Australian Systematic Botany 22, 229–242.
| The phylogeny, biogeography and morphological evolution of Gaultheria (Ericaceae) from Australia and New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA (2000) TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology 9, 1657–1659.
| TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvV2gtbw%3D&md5=a61d4e8f454945762202d38e69b88f50CAS | 11050560PubMed |
Cook LG, Crisp MD (2005) Directional asymmetry of long-distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 32, 741–754.
| Directional asymmetry of long-distance dispersal and colonization could mislead reconstructions of biogeography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Coyne JA, Orr HA (2004) ‘Speciation.’ (Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA)
Crandall KA, Bininda-Emonds ORF, Mace GM, Wayne RK (2000) Considering evolutionary processes in conservation biology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, 290–295.
| Considering evolutionary processes in conservation biology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
de Lange PJ, Rolfe J, St. George I, Sawyer J (2007) ‘Wild orchids of the lower North Island.’ (Department of Conservation: Wellington, New Zealand)
Engel JJ, Glenny D (2008) ‘A Flora of the liverworts and hornworts of New Zealand. Vol. 1.’ (Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St Louis, MI)
Faith DP (2008) Threatened species and the potential loss of phylogenetic diversity: conservation scenarios based on estimated extinction probabilities and phylogenetic risk analysis. Conservation Biology 22, 1461–1470.
| Threatened species and the potential loss of phylogenetic diversity: conservation scenarios based on estimated extinction probabilities and phylogenetic risk analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18798854PubMed |
Garrett M (1996) ‘The ferns of Tasmania. Their ecology and distribution.’ (Tasmanian Forest Research Council: Hobart)
Harrington MG, Gadek PA (2009) A species well travelled – the Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) complex based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETSf sequences. Journal of Biogeography 36, 2313–2323.
| A species well travelled – the Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) complex based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETSf sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jordan GJ (2001) An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Botany 49, 333–340.
| An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lockhart PJ, McLenachan PA, Havell D, Glenny D, Huson D, Jensen U (2001) Phylogeny, radiation, and transoceanic dispersal of New Zealand alpine buttercups: molecular evidence under split decomposition. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 88, 458–477.
| Phylogeny, radiation, and transoceanic dispersal of New Zealand alpine buttercups: molecular evidence under split decomposition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McDaniel SF, Shaw J (2003) Phylogeographic structure and cryptic speciation in the trans-Antarctic moss Pyrrhobryum mnioides. Evolution 57, 205–215.
McGlone MS, Duncan RP, Heenan PB (2001) Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular plant flora of New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography 28, 199–216.
| Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular plant flora of New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meudt HM (2008) Taxonomic revision of Australasian snow hebes (Veronica, Plantaginaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 21, 387–421.
| Taxonomic revision of Australasian snow hebes (Veronica, Plantaginaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meudt HM, Bayly MJ (2008) Phylogeographic patterns in the Australasian genus Chionohebe (Veronica s.l., Plantaginaceae) based on AFLP and chloroplast DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47, 319–338.
| Phylogeographic patterns in the Australasian genus Chionohebe (Veronica s.l., Plantaginaceae) based on AFLP and chloroplast DNA sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktV2jtrc%3D&md5=6d974188d7d0e24e02c2c021b5eae251CAS | 18299210PubMed |
Parris BS (2001) Circum-Antarctic continental distribution patterns in pteridophyte species. Brittonia 53, 270–283.
Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ (2005a) Genetic variation is not concordant with morphological variation in the fern Asplenium hookerianum sensu lato (Aspleniaceae). American Journal of Botany 92, 1559–1564.
| Genetic variation is not concordant with morphological variation in the fern Asplenium hookerianum sensu lato (Aspleniaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ (2005b) Insights into the biogeography and polyploid evolution of New Zealand Asplenium from chloroplast DNA sequence data. American Fern Journal 95, 1–21.
| Insights into the biogeography and polyploid evolution of New Zealand Asplenium from chloroplast DNA sequence data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Perrie LR, Bayly MJ, Lehnebach CA, Brownsey PJ (2007) Molecular phylogenetics and molecular dating of the New Zealand Gleicheniaceae. Brittonia 59, 129–141.
| Molecular phylogenetics and molecular dating of the New Zealand Gleicheniaceae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Perrie LR, Shepherd LD, de Lange PJ, Brownsey PJ (2010) Parallel polyploid speciation: distinct sympatric gene-pools of recurrently derived allo-octoploid Asplenium ferns. Molecular Ecology 19, 2916–2932.
| Parallel polyploid speciation: distinct sympatric gene-pools of recurrently derived allo-octoploid Asplenium ferns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVyktb3J&md5=ae41e0f2e931cf50354a0f90060600f1CAS | 20579287PubMed |
Pirie MD, Lloyd KM, Lee WG, Linder HP (2010) Diversification of Chionochloa (Poaceae) and biogeography of the New Zealand Southern Alps. Journal of Biogeography 37, 379–392.
| Diversification of Chionochloa (Poaceae) and biogeography of the New Zealand Southern Alps.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Redding DW, Mooers AO (2006) Incorporating evolutionary measures into conservation prioritization. Conservation Biology 20, 1670–1678.
| Incorporating evolutionary measures into conservation prioritization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17181802PubMed |
Sanmartín I, Wanntorp L, Winkworth RC (2007) West wind drift revisited: testing for directional dispersal in the southern hemisphere using event based tree fitting. Journal of Biogeography 34, 398–416.
| West wind drift revisited: testing for directional dispersal in the southern hemisphere using event based tree fitting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shepherd LD, Perrie LR, Parris BS, Brownsey PJ (2007a) A molecular phylogeny for the New Zealand Blechnaceae ferns from analyses of chloroplast trnL–trnF DNA sequences. New Zealand Journal of Botany 45, 67–80.
| A molecular phylogeny for the New Zealand Blechnaceae ferns from analyses of chloroplast trnL–trnF DNA sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shepherd LD, Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ (2007b) Fire and ice: volcanic and glacial impacts on the phylogeography of the New Zealand forest fern Asplenium hookerianum. Molecular Ecology 16, 4536–4549.
| Fire and ice: volcanic and glacial impacts on the phylogeography of the New Zealand forest fern Asplenium hookerianum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVSitrrJ&md5=7f4727c654be36b5c756ad313ab2748eCAS | 17877716PubMed |
Shepherd LD, Perrie LR, Brownsey PJ (2008a) Low-copy nuclear DNA sequences reveal a predominance of allopolyploids in a New Zealand Asplenium fern complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49, 240–248.
| Low-copy nuclear DNA sequences reveal a predominance of allopolyploids in a New Zealand Asplenium fern complex.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOltr3M&md5=e278e9b30552dd3fbfef5df98b6761deCAS | 18640280PubMed |
Shepherd LD, Holland BR, Perrie LR (2008b) Conflict amongst chloroplast DNA sequences obscures the phylogeny of a group of Asplenium ferns. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 176–187.
| Conflict amongst chloroplast DNA sequences obscures the phylogeny of a group of Asplenium ferns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntlCktb8%3D&md5=bea54b170e86cacfe35651e700ad4ea4CAS | 18462954PubMed |
Shepherd LD, de Lange PJ, Perrie LR (2009) Multiple colonizations of a remote oceanic archipelago by one species: how common is long-distance dispersal? Journal of Biogeography 36, 1972–1977.
| Multiple colonizations of a remote oceanic archipelago by one species: how common is long-distance dispersal?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sutter G (2009) ‘National recovery plan for the maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium hookerianum.’ (Department of Sustainability and Environment: Melbourne)
Tay ML, Meudt HM, Garnock-Jones PJ, Ritchie PA (2010) DNA sequences from three genomes reveal multiple long-distance dispersals and non-monophyly of sections in Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae) Australian Systematic Botany 23, 47–68.
| DNA sequences from three genomes reveal multiple long-distance dispersals and non-monophyly of sections in Australasian Plantago (Plantaginaceae)Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Threatened Species Section (2010) Listing statement for Asplenium hookerianum (maidenhair spleenwort). Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment, Hobart.
Wagstaff SJ (2004) Evolution and biogeography of the austral genus Phyllocladus (Podocarpaceae). Journal of Biogeography 31, 1569–1577.
| Evolution and biogeography of the austral genus Phyllocladus (Podocarpaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wanntorp L, Wanntorp H-E (2003) The biogeography of Gunnera L.: vicariance and dispersal. Journal of Biogeography 30, 979–987.
| The biogeography of Gunnera L.: vicariance and dispersal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wardle P (1978) Origin of the New Zealand mountain flora, with special reference to trans-Tasman relationships. New Zealand Journal of Botany 16, 535–550.
Wilton AD, Breitwieser I (2000) Composition of the New Zealand seed plant flora. New Zealand Journal of Botany 38, 537–549.
| Composition of the New Zealand seed plant flora.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Winkworth RC, Wagstaff SJ, Glenny D, Lockhart PJ (2002a) Plant dispersal NEWS from New Zealand. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, 514–520.
| Plant dispersal NEWS from New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Winkworth RC, Grau J, Robertson AW, Lockhart PJ (2002b) The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24, 180–193.
| The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12144755PubMed |
