A phylogenetic study of subgenus Polypompholyx: a parallel radiation of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) throughout Australasia
Markus S. Reut A and Richard W. Jobson B CA Institut de Botanique, Université de Neuchâtel, Chantemerle 18, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
B Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
C Corresponding author. Email: richard.jobson@plants.ox.ac.uk
Australian Systematic Botany 23(3) 152-161 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB09054
Submitted: 14 December 2009 Accepted: 23 February 2010 Published: 14 July 2010
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among 26 of the 37 recognised taxa of Utricularia subgenus Polypompholyx sensu Müller & Borsch were assessed by cladistic analysis of DNA sequences from the plastid rps16 intron. We also examined the placement of the recently described U. simmonsii (sect. Minutae), which was reported to share some morphological characters with subgenus Polypompholyx. We found strong jackknife support for a monophyletic subgenus Polypompholyx lineage; however, our strict consensus tree shows an unresolved relationship between the sections Polypompholyx and Pleiochasia. Within the section Pleiochasia, we found two supported clades, generally differing in a more northern or southern distribution. Despite high levels of morphological heterogeneity and convergence, we found some clade-specific character homogeneity within these two clades, particularly that of growth and bladder-trap form, and floral structure. Bladder-trap form corresponds most strongly with terrestrial v. aquatic habits. The evolution of filiform corolla appendages corresponds with floral colour, and is possibly associated with sexual mimicry, with those of the upper corolla arising twice independently. Furthermore, we found that U. monanthos and U. novae-zelandiae remain synonyms of U. dichotoma, and that U. simmonsii is not included in the subgenus Polypompholyx, but instead is allied with sections Stomoisia and Enskide of subgenus Bivalvaria.
Acknowledgements
We thank Lubomir Adamec, Matthew Barrett, Colin Clayton, Jan Flisek, Bob Harwood, Bruno Matter and Bruce Salmon for kindly providing material for DNA extraction, and BRI, CANB, DNA, L and NSW for supplying herbarium sheets. We are grateful to Brian Fineran for guidance in the field, and to Philippe Küpfer and Yong-Ming Yuan for the generous supervision of the project, and providing help with laboratory work. The study was financially supported by the Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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