Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases transcription factors, ETV5 and GDNF, and alters regulation of apoptosis and heat shock proteins in the testis of adult offspring in the rat
Graciela Pedrana
A F , Camila Larrañaga A , Alejandra Diaz A , Helen Viotti A , Paula Lombide A , Daniel Cavestany A , Mark H. Vickers B , Graeme B. Martin C and Deborah M. Sloboda D E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay.
B Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
C UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
D Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada.
E Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada, and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada.
F Corresponding author. Email: gpedrana@gmail.com
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33(7) 484-496 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD20260
Submitted: 30 September 2020 Accepted: 24 March 2021 Published: 22 April 2021
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2021 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
We tested whether changes in Sertoli cell transcription factors and germ cell heat shock proteins (HSPs) are linked to the effects of maternal undernutrition on male offspring fertility. Rats were fed ad libitum with a standard diet (CONTROL) throughout pregnancy and lactation or with 50% of CONTROL intake throughout pregnancy (UNP) or lactation (UNL) or both periods (UNPL). After postnatal Day 21, 10 male pups per group were fed a standard diet ad libitum until postnatal Day 160 when testes were processed for histological, mRNA and immunohistochemical analyses. Compared with CONTROL: caspase-3 was increased in UNP and UNPL (P = 0.001); Bax was increased in UNL (P = 0.002); Bcl-2 (P < 0.0001) was increased in all underfed groups; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (P = 0.002) was increased in UNP and UNL; E twenty-six transformation variant gene 5 and HSP70 were increased, and HSP90 was diminished in all underfed groups (P < 0.0001). It appears that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation disrupts the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in germ cells, increasing germ cell production and perhaps exceeding the support capacity of the Sertoli cells. Moreover, fertility could be further compromised by changes in meiosis and spermiogenesis mediated by germ cell HSP90 and HSP70.
Keywords: nutrition, fetal programming, transcription factor, testis, Sertoli cell, apoptosis.
References
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