Embryo development in cattle and interactions with the reproductive tract
P. Lonergan A C , José María Sánchez A , Daniel J. Mathew A B , Claudia Passaro A and Trudee Fair A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E, Dublin 4, Ireland.
B Present address: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: pat.lonergan@ucd.ie
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31(1) 118-125 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD18409
Published online: 3 December 2018
Abstract
Embryo mortality is a major contributor to poor reproductive efficiency and profitability in cattle production systems. Coordinated interaction between the developing embryo or conceptus and the maternal reproductive tract is essential for pregnancy establishment in mammals. Up to the blastocyst stage, the embryo can grow in the absence of contact with the oviduct or uterus; however, conceptus elongation after hatching and before implantation, a characteristic of ruminant early development, is entirely maternally driven and is essential to ensure that sufficient quantities of interferon-τ (IFNT) are secreted by the developing conceptus to abrogate the mechanisms that bring about luteolysis. Surprisingly, many questions, such as the threshold level of IFNT required for pregnancy maintenance, remain unanswered. Failure of the conceptus to elongate undoubtedly results in embryonic loss and is thus believed to contribute greatly to reproductive failure in cattle.
Additional keywords: conceptus elongation, cow, fertility, pregnancy.
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