Stem cells and lineage development in the mammalian blastocyst
Janet Rossant
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Email: janet.rossant@sickkids.ca
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19(1) 111-118 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD06125
Published: 12 December 2006
Abstract
The mammalian blastocyst is the source of the most pluripotent stem cells known: embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, ES cells are not totipotent; in mouse chimeras, they do not contribute to extra-embryonic cell types of the trophectoderm (TE) and primitive endoderm (PrE) lineages. Understanding the genetic pathways that control pluripotency v. extra-embryonic lineage restriction is key to understanding not only normal embryonic development, but also how to reprogramme adult cells to pluripotency. The trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages also provide the first signals that drive patterned differentiation of the pluripotent epiblast cells of the embryo. My laboratory has produced permanent mouse cell lines from both the TE and the PrE, termed trophoblast stem (TS) and eXtra-embryonic ENdoderm (XEN) cells. We have used these cells to explore the genetic and molecular hierarchy of lineage restriction and identify the key factors that distinguish the ES cell v. the TS or XEN cell fate. The major molecular pathways of lineage commitment defined in mouse embryos and stem cells are probably conserved across mammalian species, but more comparative studies of lineage development in embryos of non-rodent mammals will likely yield interesting differences in terms of timing and details.
Acknowledgments
The author’s own work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research by both operating grants and a Distinguished Scientist award and by the Stem Cell Network of Centres of Excellence.
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