Dwarf pufferfish (Carinotetraodon travancoricus) is a threatened ornamental fish exploited from rivers of Western Ghats for live aquarium-fish trade. The stock is unsustainable under the current level of exploitation. The species is likely to be captured before it matures and breeds, contributing to declining recruitment. A combination of different strategies, including closed fishing seasons, limit on the size of the fish caught, and implementation of no-take fishing areas will improve sustainable management and conservation of dwarf pufferfish in the Western Ghats.

Striped marlin spawning in the central North Pacific was previously little studied. Our investigation has shown that both females and males mature at smaller sizes than in all other Pacific regions surveyed. These results have direct application for current efforts to evaluate the health and resilience of the population in the western and central North Pacific, which is currently considered to be commercially overfished and subject to continued overfishing.

The macrofauna associated with Halodule wrightii meadows had a positive relationship between taxonomic and functional diversities, increasing from the least to the most complex habitats. The most prominent differences were in the composition of functional characteristics. We attribute the high macrofaunal diversity to a high species turnover among and within meadows, which synergises with shifts in environmental factors (e.g. organic-matter content). Our results suggest that the loss of complexity in Brazilian seagrass meadows results in changes in community composition and the ecological functions performed by the organisms.