Sedimentation from landscape clearance-induced soil erosion threatens waterhole persistence in a semi-arid river system, southern Queensland, Australia
John Tibby
A * , Jonathan C. Marshall B C , Jaye S. Lobegeiger B , Kathryn J. Amos D , Giselle Pickering B and Theresa Myburgh A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Geography, Environment and Population, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
C Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
D Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources and Mawson Centre for Geoscience, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Marine and Freshwater Research 74(12) 1050-1070 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF23016
Submitted: 27 January 2023 Accepted: 25 May 2023 Published: 26 June 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: In arid and semi-arid river systems, waterholes are often the only refugia for aquatic organisms during no-flow spells. Sediment accumulation in waterholes reduces their persistence.
Aims: To assess this threat, we surveyed the depth of, and dated, waterhole sediments from the Moonie River, a northern tributary of Australia’s largest river system, the Murray–Darling Basin.
Methods: Fine-sediment depth was determined in three of the deepest waterholes in 2010 and 2011 before, and after, the largest flood in over a century. The rate of sediment build up in two waterholes was also determined.
Key results: In the deepest sections (>75th percentile depth), there was between 0.7 and 2 m of fine sediment in 2010. Following flooding, sediment depth reduced by 24–54%, with the largest proportional reductions in sediment occurring in the shallowest waterhole. However, net sediment accumulation is still 1.4–2.0 cm year−1 since the 1950s.
Conclusions: Sedimentation has reduced the persistence of the deepest waterholes by over 200 days, representing an up to 30% reduction. During the longest droughts known in the Moonie River, this would dry many otherwise permanent waterholes.
Implications: Sedimentation is a marked threat to waterhole persistence even following large floods.
Keywords: catchment management, climate change, ecology, erosion, floodplains, limnology, Murray–Darling Basin, sediment processes, sedimentation.
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