Effects of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the behaviour of larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Magdalena Jakubowska A C , Martyna Greszkiewicz A , Dariusz P. Fey A , Zbigniew Otremba B , Barbara Urban-Malinga A and Eugeniusz Andrulewicz AA Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, PL-81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
B Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, PL-81-225, Gdynia, Poland.
C Corresponding author. Email: mjakubowska@mir.gdynia.pl
Marine and Freshwater Research 72(8) 1196-1207 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20236
Submitted: 31 July 2020 Accepted: 17 December 2020 Published: 18 March 2021
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of artificial magnetic fields on the behaviour of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae. Individuals (from the eyed egg stage) were exposed to a static magnetic field (SMF) of 10 mT or a low-frequency alternating (electromagnetic) field (EMF) of 1 mT, whereas larvae in the control treatment were reared under a natural geomagnetic field (GMF). After 40 days exposure, larvae were tested for 46 h for their attraction to or avoidance of magnetic fields. None of the groups of larvae avoided either the static or alternating field. By contrast, a mean of 54–60% of individuals was recorded in magnetic fields. Moreover, larvae exposed to SMF or EMF were more attracted to their respective magnetic field than individuals reared under a natural GMF. In addition, no stress response (i.e. a change in the oxygen consumption rate) was recorded for O. mykiss larvae exposed to magnetic fields. These results suggest, for the first time, that early life stages of rainbow trout can detect and are attracted to artificial magnetic fields of a magnitude recorded in the vicinity of submarine cables, with no visible signs of stress (i.e. increased oxygen consumption).
Keywords: magnetoreception, offshore wind farms, salmonids, submarine cables.
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