Carbon sources supporting Australia’s most widely distributed freshwater fish, Nematalosa erebi (Günther) (Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae)
Bradley J. Pusey
A B E , Timothy D. Jardine C , Leah S. Beesley A , Mark J. Kennard B , Tze Wai Ho D , Stuart E. Bunn B and Michael M. Douglas A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A National Environmental Science Program, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
B Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
C School of Environment and Sustainability, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Preston Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5B3, Canada.
D Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: bpusey@westnet.com.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 72(2) 288-298 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20014
Submitted: 10 January 2020 Accepted: 3 May 2020 Published: 11 June 2020
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2021 Open Access CC BY
Abstract
Both brown (detrital-based) and green (algal-based) food pathways support freshwater food webs, although the importance of either source may vary within species, regions and different phases of the flow regime. The bony bream (Nematalosa erebi Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae) is one of Australia’s most widely distributed freshwater fish species and is a key component of freshwater food webs, especially in northern Australia. We sought to better define the feeding habits of this species, previously classified as a detritivore, algivore or zooplanktivore (or combinations thereof), by undertaking meta-analyses of published accounts based on stomach content analysis and 13C and 15N stable isotope analysis. Stomach content analysis clearly indicated that detritus was the dominant food item, although benthic algae could be an important dietary component in some habitats (inland river flood plains) and during the wet season. Zooplankton were important for small fish (i.e. juveniles <100 mm in length). When data were pooled across a large number of locations, stable isotope analysis indicated that detritus derived from terrestrial vegetation was better aligned isotopically with values for both adult and juvenile bony bream, whereas algae were comparatively 13C enriched, indicating the latter source was not the dominant contributor to the biomass of this species. However, using site-specific data and a regression approach, a significant relationship was revealed between algal carbon and that of large fish, suggesting that carbon derived from benthic algae contributed ~20% of the carbon of adult bony bream. Zooplankton contributed a similar amount. Zooplankton provided the majority of carbon for small fish. We contend that detritus derived from terrestrial vegetation is the likely remaining carbon source for large bony bream, and this interpretation was supported by the outcomes of multiple regression analyses. Although previous studies of aquatic food webs in northern Australia have emphasised the importance of high-quality algal basal resources, this study indicates that terrestrial sources may be important for some species and demonstrates the need to better consider the circumstances that cause biota to switch between different food sources.
Additional keywords: algivory, aquatic food webs, detritivory, northern Australia, zooplanktivory.
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