Following fish feeding associations in marine and freshwater habitats
José Sabino A , Luciana P. Andrade A , Ivan Sazima B , Fabrício B. Teresa C , Sergio R. Floeter D , Cristina Sazima B and Roberta M. Bonaldo E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp, 79003-010, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
B Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
C Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 15054-000, Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
D Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88010-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
E Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
F Corresponding author. Email: robertabonaldo@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 68(2) 381-387 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15294
Submitted: 3 August 2015 Accepted: 11 February 2016 Published: 14 April 2016
Abstract
Following fish feeding associations are composed of nuclear species that disturb the substratum when foraging, and followers that capitalise on food resources. In marine and freshwater ecosystems, bottom disturbance is the main predictor of follower composition; hence, other features, such as fish behaviour, may also converge between these habitats. Comparisons of the following associations in marine and freshwater habitats could provide a better comprehension of this interaction, which is known to increase the feeding of participating species. We compared following associations between a marine reef and a freshwater stream. Associations in the freshwater resembled the following three iconic reef interactions: (1) a carnivorous follower moving in front of a nuclear species; (2) a shoal of omnivores feeding on particles loosened by the nuclear fish; and (3) a shoal of omnivores feeding on particles expelled by the nuclear fish. The major differences between the marine and freshwater associations were (1) the greater morphological variety of nuclear species in the reef and (2) the main nuclear species often foraged in groups in the reef, whereas the freshwater counterparts foraged solitarily. These similarities between the systems outnumbered the differences, probably because of the shared water environment and the relatively simple requirements for fishes in these associations.
Additional keywords: behavioural and ecological convergences, Brazil, multi-species interactions, nuclear–follower associations, reef fishes, stream fishes.
References
Abelha, C. F., Agostinho, A. A., and Goulart, E. (2001). Plasticidade trófica em peixes de água doce. Acta Scientiarum 23, 425–434.Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49, 227–266.
| Observational study of behavior: sampling methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaE2c7mtlWmsQ%3D%3D&md5=937125f8a75f0ae65b560ea3f05540caCAS | 4597405PubMed |
Aronson, R. B., and Sanderson, S. L. (1987). Benefits of heterospecific foraging by the Caribbean wrasse, Halichoeres garnoti (Pisces: Labridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 18, 303–308.
| Benefits of heterospecific foraging by the Caribbean wrasse, Halichoeres garnoti (Pisces: Labridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Baird, T. A. (1993). A new heterospecific foraging association between the puddingwife wrasse, Halichoeres radiates, and the bar jack, Caranx ruber: evaluation of the foraging consequences. Environmental Biology of Fishes 38, 393–397.
| A new heterospecific foraging association between the puddingwife wrasse, Halichoeres radiates, and the bar jack, Caranx ruber: evaluation of the foraging consequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bellwood, D. R., Wainwright, P. C., Fulton, C. J., and Hoey, A. S. (2006). Functional versatility supports coral reef biodiversity. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 273, 101–107.
| Functional versatility supports coral reef biodiversity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD287jt1SgtQ%3D%3D&md5=e8ca172e890b1f8e92679946f21f8720CAS |
Bessa, E., Carvalho, L. N., Sabino, J., and Tomazzelli, P. (2011). Juveniles of the piscivorous dourado Salminus brasiliensis mimic the piraputanga Brycon hilarii as an alternative predation tactic. Neotropical Ichthyology 9, 351–354.
| Juveniles of the piscivorous dourado Salminus brasiliensis mimic the piraputanga Brycon hilarii as an alternative predation tactic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Carrete Vega, G., and Wiens, J. J. (2012). Why are there so few fishes in the sea? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – B. Biological Sciences 279, 2323–2329.
| Why are there so few fishes in the sea?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Carvalho, L. N., Arruda, R., and Zuanon, J. (2003). Record of cleaning behavior by Platydoras costatus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 1, 137–139.
| Record of cleaning behavior by Platydoras costatus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
D’Angelo, G. B., and Sazima, I. (2014). Commensal association of piscivorous birds with foraging otters in south-eastern Brazil, and a comparison of such relationship of piscivorous birds with cormorants. Journal of Natural History 48, 241–249.
| Commensal association of piscivorous birds with foraging otters in south-eastern Brazil, and a comparison of such relationship of piscivorous birds with cormorants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Diamant, A., and Shpigel, M. (1985). Interspecific feeding associations of groupers (Teleostei: Serranidae) with octopuses and moray eels in the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba). Environmental Biology of Fishes 13, 153–159.
| Interspecific feeding associations of groupers (Teleostei: Serranidae) with octopuses and moray eels in the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Emery, A. R. (1978). The basis of fish community structure: marine and freshwater comparisons. Environmental Biology of Fishes 3, 33–47.
| The basis of fish community structure: marine and freshwater comparisons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Garrone-Neto, D., and Sazima, I. (2009). The more stirring the better: cichlid fishes associate with foraging potamotrygonid rays. Neotropical Ichthyology 7, 499–501.
| The more stirring the better: cichlid fishes associate with foraging potamotrygonid rays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Grutter, A. S. (2005). Cleaning mutualism in the sea. In ‘Marine Parasitology’. (Ed. K. Rohde.) pp. 264–278. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
Krajewski, J. P. (2009). How do follower reef fishes find nuclear fishes? Environmental Biology of Fishes 86, 379–387.
| How do follower reef fishes find nuclear fishes?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Krajewski, J. P., and Floeter, S. R. (2011). Reef fish community structure of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (equatorial western Atlantic): the influence of exposure and benthic composition. Environmental Biology of Fishes 92, 25–40.
| Reef fish community structure of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (equatorial western Atlantic): the influence of exposure and benthic composition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Leitão, R. P., Caramaschi, E. P., and Zuanon, J. (2007). Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 5, 307–310.
| Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, southeastern Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lukoschek, V., and McCormick, M. I. (2000). A review of multispecies foraging associations in fishes and their ecological significance. In ‘Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium’, 23–27 October 2000, Bali, Indonesia (Eds M. K. Moosa, S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimotarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono.) pp. 467–474. (Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and International Society for Reef Studies: Jakarta.)
Nelson, J. S. (1994). ‘Fishes of the World.’ (Wiley: New York.)
Randall, J. E. (2014). The goatfishes Parupeneus cyclostomus, P. macronemus and freeloaders. Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 20, 61–66.
Sazima, C., Bonaldo, R. M., Krajewski, J. P., and Sazima, I. (2005). The Noronha wrasse: a jack-of-all-trades follower. Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 9, 97–108.
Sazima, C., Krajewski, J. P., Bonaldo, R. M., and Sazima, I. (2006). The goatfish Pseudupeneus maculatus and its follower fishes at an oceanic island in the tropical West Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology 69, 883–891.
| The goatfish Pseudupeneus maculatus and its follower fishes at an oceanic island in the tropical West Atlantic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sazima, C., Krajewski, J. P., Bonaldo, R. M., and Sazima, I. (2007). Nuclear–follower foraging associations of reef fishes and other animals at an oceanic archipelago. Environmental Biology of Fishes 80, 351–361.
| Nuclear–follower foraging associations of reef fishes and other animals at an oceanic archipelago.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sazima, I. (1986). Similarities in feeding behaviour between some marine and freshwater fishes in two tropical communities. Journal of Fish Biology 29, 53–65.
| Similarities in feeding behaviour between some marine and freshwater fishes in two tropical communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sazima, I. (2002a). Juvenile snooks (Centropomidae) as mimics of mojarras (Gerreidae), with a review of aggressive mimicry in fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 65, 37–45.
| Juvenile snooks (Centropomidae) as mimics of mojarras (Gerreidae), with a review of aggressive mimicry in fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sazima, I. (2002b). Juvenile grunt (Haemulidae) mimicking a venomous leatherjacket (Carangidae), with a summary of Batesian mimicry in marine fishes. Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology 6, 61–68.
Sazima, I. (2008). Mechanical cattle: lawn mowers attract the amooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani) and a small assemblage of bird opportunists in southeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 16, 387–390.
Smith, S. M. (1971). The relationship of grazing cattle to foraging rates in anis. Auk 88, 876–880.
| The relationship of grazing cattle to foraging rates in anis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Strand, S. (1988). Following behavior: interspecific foraging associations among Gulf of California reef fishes. Copeia 1988, 351–357.
| Following behavior: interspecific foraging associations among Gulf of California reef fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Teresa, F. B., and Carvalho, F. R. (2008). Feeding association between benthic and nektonic Neotropical stream fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology 6, 109–111.
| Feeding association between benthic and nektonic Neotropical stream fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Teresa, F. B., Romero, R. M., Casatti, L., and Sabino, J. (2011). Habitat simplification affects nuclear–follower foraging association among stream fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology 9, 121–126.
| Habitat simplification affects nuclear–follower foraging association among stream fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Teresa, F. B., Sazima, C., Sazima, I., and Floeter, S. R. (2014). Predictive factors of species composition of follower fishes in nuclear–follower feeding associations: a snapshot study. Neotropical Ichthyology 12, 913–919.
| Predictive factors of species composition of follower fishes in nuclear–follower feeding associations: a snapshot study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
