Comparative dietary ecology of turtles (Chelodina burrungandjii and Emydura victoriae) across the Kimberley Plateau, Western Australia, prior to the arrival of cane toads
N. N. FitzSimmons A C F , P. Featherston A D and A. D. Tucker B EA Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
B Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
C Present address: Australia Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
D Present address: Research Institute of Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 2111, Australia.
E Present address: Marine Science Program, Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: n.fitzsimmons@griffith.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(11) 1611-1624 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15199
Submitted: 21 May 2015 Accepted: 4 August 2015 Published: 26 October 2015
Abstract
Food webs in north-western Australian rivers exist in dynamic environments and will be influenced by land use practices, invasion of toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina) and the effects of climate change on river flows. Baseline studies are needed to understand aquatic food webs before these impacts. In the present study, we investigated the diets of two turtles (Emydura victoriae and Chelodina burrungandjii) in four upland rivers across a gradient of rainfall and land uses in the Kimberley Plateau of Western Australia. We captured turtles by snorkelling and recovered their prey by stomach lavage. We enumerated 2720 prey items from 390 E. victoriae samples and 308 prey items from 155 C. burrungandjii samples. Prey compositions distinguished E. victoriae as an omnivorous generalist relying on a diversity of animal and plant prey and C. burrungandjii as a piscivorous specialist, but with both species as likely predators of toxic cane toad eggs or tadpoles. Comparisons among the rivers showed variation in diets for both species that reflect differences in prey availability and location-specific food webs. Terrestrially based food sources were observed in 26% of E. victoriae samples and 3% of C. burrungandjii samples, which indicates the importance of the aquatic–terrestrial interface and land use practices within these rivers.
Additional keywords: biodiversity, Cheloniidae, Drysdale River, Fitzroy River, Isdell River, King Edward River, Testudines.
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