New approaches to the ecological risk assessment of multiple stressors
Paul J. Van den Brink A B J , Catherine Bo Choung C , Wayne Landis D , Mariana Mayer-Pinto E , Vincent Pettigrove F , Peter Scanes G , Rachael Smith H and Jenny Stauber I
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research centre, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
B Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, PO Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
C Environment Canada at the Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, PO Box 45111, Fredericton, NB, E3B 6E1, Canada.
D Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9180, USA.
E Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
F CAPIM, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
G Waters and Coastal Science Section, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box A290, Sydney South, NSW 1232, Australia.
H Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Division, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts (DSITIA), PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
I CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia.
J Corresponding author. Email: paul.vandenbrink@wur.nl
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(4) 429-439 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15111
Submitted: 13 March 2015 Accepted: 17 November 2015 Published: 12 January 2016
Abstract
So as to assess how emerging science and new tools can be applied to study multiple stressors at a large (ecosystem) scale and to facilitate greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines, a workshop was organised on 10–12 September 2014 at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Sydney, Australia. The present paper discusses the limitations of the current risk-assessment approaches and how multiple stressors at large scales can be better evaluated in ecological risk assessments to inform the development of more efficient and preventive management policies based on adaptive management in the future. A future risk-assessment paradigm that overcomes these limitations is presented. This paradigm includes cultural and ecological protection goals, the development of ecological scenarios, the establishment of the relevant interactions among species, potential sources of stressors, their interactions and the development of cause–effect models. It is envisaged that this will be achievable through a greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines and through the application of new and emerging tools such as 'big data', ecological modelling and the incorporation of ecosystem service endpoints.
Additional keywords: adaptive management, anthropogenic stress, aquatic ecosystems.
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