Where do elements bind within the otoliths of fish?
Christopher Izzo A B C , Zoë A. Doubleday A B and Bronwyn M. Gillanders A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, Darling Building DX 650 418, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: c.izzo@adelaide.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(7) 1072-1076 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15064
Submitted: 19 February 2015 Accepted: 14 September 2015 Published: 6 November 2015
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2016 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Otolith element analyses are used extensively to reconstruct environmental histories of fish based on the assumption that elements substitute for calcium within the CaCO3 otolith structure. However, elements may also be incorporated within the protein component of the otolith in addition to the direct substitution for calcium in the mineral component, and this could introduce errors in environmental reconstructions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether elements were incorporated into the protein or mineral components of otoliths and the relative proportion of each element in each component. Element concentrations from whole ground otoliths and the isolated protein component were quantified using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Of the 12 elements investigated, most were found in both the proteinaceous and mineral components, but always in greater concentrations in the latter. Elements considered ‘non-essential’ to fish physiology with Ca-like properties (i.e. alkaline metals) were present in the mineral component in relatively high concentrations. Elements essential to fish physiology with smaller atomic radii than Ca (i.e. transition metals) were distributed throughout the protein and mineral components of the otolith. These findings enhance our understanding of element incorporation in the otolith and, ultimately, improve interpretations of otolith-based environmental reconstructions.
Additional keywords: CaCO3, calcium carbonate, element incorporation, ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, protein.
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