Effects of benthic substrate, nutrient enrichment and predatory fish on freshwater crayfish (kōura, Paranephrops planifrons) population characteristics in seven Te Arawa (Rotorua) lakes, North Island, New Zealand
I. A. Kusabs A B D , J. M. Quinn C and D. P. Hamilton BA Ian Kusabs and Associates Ltd, Lake Ōkāreka, Rotorua, New Zealand.
B Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
C National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, PO Box 11 115, Hamilton, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: ian@kusabs.co.nz
Marine and Freshwater Research 66(7) 631-643 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14148
Submitted: 9 June 2014 Accepted: 20 October 2014 Published: 19 February 2015
Abstract
Populations of kōura, or freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons White, 1842), were quantified along a eutrophication gradient in seven Te Arawa lakes using the tau kōura, a traditional Māori harvesting method, in April, July and November 2009. Six of the seven lakes contained kōura. No kōura were captured in hypertrophic Lake Ōkaro. Kōura catches were highly variable and mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) varied from 1.5 to 99.3 kōura per whakaweku (fern bundle) in the six lakes with kōura present. The highest abundance of kōura was recorded in eutrophic Lake Rotorua and the highest biomass in oligotrophic Lake Rotomā. Kōura orbit carapace length (OCL) ranged from 6 to 52 mm, with the largest kōura recorded in lakes Rotoiti and Rotomā. Our results suggest that benthic substrate is more important in determining kōura population abundance than nutrient enrichment (using chlorophyll-a as a proxy) or predatory fish (rainbow trout abundance). Nevertheless, lake trophic status in conjunction with lake morphology appeared to indirectly affect kōura distribution in the sheltered, steep-sided lakes, through hypolimnetic deoxygenation.
Additional keywords: abundance, biomass, customary fishery, eutrophication, hypolimnetic deoxygenation, lake bed sediments, Māori, rainbow trout, size distribution.
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