Variations in nutrient concentrations at different time scales in two shallow tidally dominated estuaries
Hui W. Tay A D , Karin R. Bryan A , Conrad A. Pilditch B , Stephen Park C and David P. Hamilton B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
B Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
C Bay of Plenty Regional Council, 5 Quay Street, P O Box 364, Whakatane, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: hwt3@waikato.ac.nz
Marine and Freshwater Research 63(2) 95-109 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11102
Submitted: 6 May 2011 Accepted: 17 September 2011 Published: 8 November 2011
Abstract
Water-quality observations in estuaries can be highly variable in time and space, making it difficult to quantify nutrient fluxes and to discriminate patterns. We measured nitrate, phosphate and ammonium concentrations in two shallow tidally dominated estuaries in Tauranga Harbour, New Zealand, during four periods (winter, start of spring, end of spring and summer) within 1 year, to determine the source of variability observed in a 19-year monitoring program. These measurements consisted of high-frequency monitoring during one 24-h period (covering a daytime flood-ebb tide and a night-time flood-ebb tide) at each estuary. Concentrations of nitrate and ammonium had distinctive tidal patterns, with rising values during ebb flows. This tidal asymmetry caused a net seaward flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium), with higher exports at night. Net fluxes were 34–358 kg N per tidal cycle for nitrate and 22–93 kg N per tidal cycle for ammonium. Fluxes were large relative to previously published model-based predictions for the region, particularly during winter. Our results showed that estuarine sampling strategies need to account for tidal variability and the role of episodic runoff events, and highlighted the importance of correctly validated mass fluxes from field measurements for comparisons with nutrient-loading models.
Additional keywords: diel, DIN, flushing, fluxes, New Zealand, nutrient export, Tauranga Harbour, tidal.
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