Accuracy and precision in stock separation of north-east Arctic and Norwegian coastal cod by otoliths – comparing readings, image analyses and a genetic method
Erik Berg A C , Tuula H. Sarvas B , Alf Harbitz A , Svein Erik Fevolden B and Arnt Børre Salberg AA Institute of Marine Research, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway.
B Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
C Corresponding author. Email: erik.berg@imr.no
Marine and Freshwater Research 56(5) 753-762 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF04172
Submitted: 16 July 2004 Accepted: 19 April 2005 Published: 24 July 2005
Abstract
The distinction between north-east Arctic cod and Norwegian coastal cod, two major groups of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), has for many years been based on different distance and shape similarities between the two first translucent growth zones in the otoliths, subjectively decided by visual inspection in a binocular. To analyse the certainty of this technique, four independent readers have classified 263 cod otoliths in total from five different geographical areas. For three of the readers, between 82% and 89% of the classification results coincided with independent results based on genetic analyses. Further, 38 cod otoliths, where the readers were certain of the classification (21 north-east Arctic cod and 17 coastal cod) were classified by several image analysis methods. A complete separation was obtained by using the ratio of the circumferences of the two zones, providing a typical ratio of approximately 2 for coastal and 1.5 for north-east Arctic cod. The otolith method for separating the two types of cod has been considered adequately accurate in assessing the two stocks of cod. However, the method is sensitive to subjective interpretation, and action needs to be taken to minimise the difference in interpretation among otolith readers.
Extra keyword: Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, Pan I, stock classification.
Acknowledgments
We thank Per Ågotnes, Willy Richardsen and Hildegunn Mjanger at Institute of Marine Research for the otolith readings, and Willy Richardsen for Photoshop manipulation of the otolith images used in the image analysis. We also thank the anonymous referees for valuable criticism and suggestions on an earlier version of the article, which have contributed to improve the paper substantially.
Begg, G. A. , and Brown, R. W. (2000). Stock identification of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges bank based on otolith shape analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129, 935–945.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fevolden, S. E. , and Pogson, G. H. (1997). Genetic divergence at the synoptophysin (Syp I) locus among Norwegian coastal and north-east Arctic populations of Atlantic cod. Journal of Fish Biology 51, 895–908.
Pogson, G. H. , and Fevolden, S. E. (2003). Natural selection and the genetic differentiation of coastal and Arctic populations of the Atlatic cod in northern Norway: a test involving nucleotide sequence variation at the pantophysin (Pan I) locus. Molecular Ecology 12, 63–74.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Smedbol, R. K. , and Stephenson, R. (2001). The importance of managing within-species diversity in cod and herring fisheries of the north-western Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology 59, 109–128.
