Zoonotic risks: Salmonella and Campylobacter in reptiles
Andrea R. McWhorter A * and Harriet Whiley B CA
B
C
Andrea McWhorter is a microbiologist specialising in poultry health and zoonotic pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Campylobacter. Her research also extends to understanding the transmission of foodborne pathogens from farms to the food supply chain, leading to human disease. She collaborates closely with the egg and chicken meat industries to address the challenges of improving bird health and mitigating zoonotic bacteria in food. |
Harriet Whiley is a professor in environmental health and deputy director of the ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation. As an environmental microbiologist and environmental health officer her research is aimed at informing design, management and regulatory guidelines to protect human health from pathogens present in the environment. Her research areas include infection control, biofilms, water quality, food safety and risk assessment. |
Abstract
Reptiles are increasingly popular as exotic pets worldwide due to their unique characteristics, species diversity and relatively low maintenance requirements compared to other pets. However, their role as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Campylobacter, presents significant public health challenges. Transmission occurs through direct contact with reptiles, contaminated surfaces or improper hygiene practices, with vulnerable populations being particularly at risk. The prevalence of Salmonella in reptiles varies widely, ranging from 30 to 75.8% in captive populations to 8–14% in wild populations, although research on Campylobacter remains limited. The exotic pet trade, including international imports of reptiles, has further amplified concerns over zoonotic disease transmission and the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. Effective prevention strategies, such as hygiene education, proper habitat management and regulatory measures, are critical to mitigating these risks.
Keywords: campylobacteriosis, pet ownership, public health, reptiles, salmonellosis, snakes, zoonoses.
Andrea McWhorter is a microbiologist specialising in poultry health and zoonotic pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Campylobacter. Her research also extends to understanding the transmission of foodborne pathogens from farms to the food supply chain, leading to human disease. She collaborates closely with the egg and chicken meat industries to address the challenges of improving bird health and mitigating zoonotic bacteria in food. |
Harriet Whiley is a professor in environmental health and deputy director of the ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation. As an environmental microbiologist and environmental health officer her research is aimed at informing design, management and regulatory guidelines to protect human health from pathogens present in the environment. Her research areas include infection control, biofilms, water quality, food safety and risk assessment. |
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