Henipaviruses: bat-borne paramyxoviruses
Sarah Edwards A and Glenn A Marsh A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Australian Animal Health Laboratory
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity
5 Portarlington Road
East Geelong, Vic. 3219, Australia
Tel: +61 3 5227 5125
Fax: +61 3 5227 5555
B Email: glenn.marsh@csiro.au
Microbiology Australia 38(1) 4-7 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA17003
Published: 21 February 2017
Abstract
Found on every continent except Antarctica, bats are one of the most abundant, diverse and geographically widespread vertebrates globally, making up approximately 20% of all known extant mammal species1,2. Noted for being the only mammal with the ability of powered flight, bats constitute the order Chiroptera (from the Ancient Greek meaning ‘hand wing’), which is further divided into two suborders: Megachiroptera known as megabats or flying foxes, and Microchiroptera comprising of echolocating microbats1,3.
References
[1] Calisher, C.H. et al. (2006) Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19, 531–545.| Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[2] Teeling, E.C. et al. (2005) A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record. Science 307, 580–584.
| A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmslOitA%3D%3D&md5=0f95f418e074df572a69381abe93f681CAS |
[3] Holland, R.A. et al. (2004) Echolocation signal structure in the Megachiropteran bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 4361–4369.
| Echolocation signal structure in the Megachiropteran bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Geoffroy 1810.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[4] Edson, D. et al. (2015) Flying-fox roost disturbance and Hendra virus spillover risk. PLoS One 10, e0125881.
| Flying-fox roost disturbance and Hendra virus spillover risk.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[5] Smith, I. and Wang, L.F. (2013) Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans. Curr. Opin. Virol. 3, 84–91.
| Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[6] Poon, L.L. et al. (2005) Identification of a novel coronavirus in bats. J. Virol. 79, 2001–2009.
| Identification of a novel coronavirus in bats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitlejtrc%3D&md5=ba7696f03e3b6228a95a9ed15f515b3bCAS |
[7] Fraser, G.C. et al. (1996) Encephalitis caused by a Lyssavirus in fruit bats in Australia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2, 327–331.
| Encephalitis caused by a Lyssavirus in fruit bats in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7isF2gsA%3D%3D&md5=3424d46c23be0a34426ebbb25f14d047CAS |
[8] Chant, K. et al. (1998) Probable human infection with a newly described virus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The NSW Expert Group. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4, 273–275.
| Probable human infection with a newly described virus in the family Paramyxoviridae. The NSW Expert Group.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3osVaiug%3D%3D&md5=8e85c4ff40f4575e22346607eaa38670CAS |
[9] Young, P. (1996) Possible reservoir host of equine morbillivirus identified. Commun. Dis. Intell. 20, 262.
[10] Murray, K. et al. (1995) A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans. Science 268, 94–97.
| A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXkvV2ksLw%3D&md5=72172f32c43751df3f4a48c889ff6688CAS |
[11] Field, H. et al. (2001) The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes Infect. 3, 307–314.
| The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3jvVaqtA%3D%3D&md5=e3aea7888e60b0ac1708049bff5e544aCAS |
[12] Mendez, D. et al. (2013) Response of Australian veterinarians to the announcement of a Hendra virus vaccine becoming available. Aust. Vet. J. 91, 328–331.
| Response of Australian veterinarians to the announcement of a Hendra virus vaccine becoming available.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3sfkt1eksw%3D%3D&md5=a97e57bda00a8e86c309fdd658b2bfecCAS |
[13] Croser, E.L. and Marsh, G.A. (2013) The changing face of the henipaviruses. Vet. Microbiol. 167, 151–158.
| The changing face of the henipaviruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[14] Middleton, D. et al. (2014) Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 372–379.
| Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[15] Chua, K.B. (2003) Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia. J. Clin. Virol. 26, 265–275.
| Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[16] Chua, K.B. et al. (2000) Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science 288, 1432–1435.
| Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjslGqsrw%3D&md5=94bb08eac69c7355bc8fc6b249ffdcc8CAS |
[17] Hsu, V.P. et al. (2004) Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10, 2082–2087.
| Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[18] Chadha, M.S. et al. (2006) Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 235–240.
| Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[19] Ching, P.K. et al. (2015) Outbreak of henipavirus infection, Philippines, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 328–331.
| Outbreak of henipavirus infection, Philippines, 2014.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XitVKisLzK&md5=e0682e3a14b4b9fc90c8d3613fbbcca7CAS |
[20] Tan, C.T. et al. (2002) Relapsed and late-onset Nipah encephalitis. Ann. Neurol. 51, 703–708.
| Relapsed and late-onset Nipah encephalitis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[21] Ward, M.P. et al. (1996) Negative findings from serological studies of equine morbillivirus in the Queensland horse population. Aust. Vet. J. 74, 241–243.
| Negative findings from serological studies of equine morbillivirus in the Queensland horse population.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FkvFeisA%3D%3D&md5=6130e419c65cb55942ca3403e696eff0CAS |
[22] Young, P.L. et al. (1996) Serologic evidence for the presence in Pteropus bats of a paramyxovirus related to equine morbillivirus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2, 239–240.
| Serologic evidence for the presence in Pteropus bats of a paramyxovirus related to equine morbillivirus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FmsVWitQ%3D%3D&md5=6cea582b58a3f0ddc9ab0529e539c2eaCAS |
[23] Halpin, K. et al. (2000) Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 1927–1932.
| Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFOhtLo%3D&md5=bd671cee0260ddf9fdb92b1382328605CAS |
[24] Smith, I. et al. (2011) Identifying Hendra virus diversity in pteropid bats. PLoS One 6, e25275.
| Identifying Hendra virus diversity in pteropid bats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCjs7fO&md5=b4df5824352faf1b96d0c8974b0617dbCAS |
[25] Shirai, J. et al. (2007) Nipah Virus Survey of Flying Foxes in Malaysia. Jpn. Agric. Res. Q. 41, 69–78.
| Nipah Virus Survey of Flying Foxes in Malaysia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[26] Yob, J.M. et al. (2001) Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 439–441.
| Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhtFOhsQ%3D%3D&md5=521e44b6cb29bf893c99af98f5434c5eCAS |
[27] Chua, K.B. et al. (2002) Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes. Microbes Infect. 4, 145–151.
| Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[28] Iehlé, C. et al. (2007) Henipavirus and Tioman virus antibodies in pteropodid bats, Madagascar. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13, 159–161.
| Henipavirus and Tioman virus antibodies in pteropodid bats, Madagascar.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[29] Drexler, J.F. et al. (2009) Henipavirus RNA in African bats. PLoS One 4, e6367.
| Henipavirus RNA in African bats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[30] Hayman, D.T. et al. (2008) Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats. PLoS One 3, e2739.
| Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[31] Pernet, O. et al. (2014) Evidence for henipavirus spillover into human populations in Africa. Nat. Commun. 5, 5342.
| Evidence for henipavirus spillover into human populations in Africa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[32] Baker, K.S. et al. (2013) Novel, potentially zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum. J. Virol. 87, 1348–1358.
| Novel, potentially zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXltV2isLg%3D&md5=522a850c2f817fd849e88afbf193f80eCAS |
[33] Drexler, J.F. et al. (2012) Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses. Nat. Commun. 3, 796.
| Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[34] Wu, Z. et al. (2014) Novel Henipa-like virus, Mojiang Paramyxovirus, in rats, China, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 1064–1066.
| Novel Henipa-like virus, Mojiang Paramyxovirus, in rats, China, 2012.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[35] Marsh, G.A. et al. (2012) Cedar virus: a novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats. PLoS Pathog. 8, e1002836.
| Cedar virus: a novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFKlurbK&md5=78f9f74f5117d823d9ab5e980a86cf99CAS |
[36] Mortlock, M. et al. (2015) Novel Paramyxoviruses in Bats from Sub-Saharan Africa, 2007–2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. J. 21, 1840.
| Novel Paramyxoviruses in Bats from Sub-Saharan Africa, 2007–2012.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[37] Craft, W.W. and Dutch, R.E. (2005) Sequence motif upstream of the Hendra virus fusion protein cleavage site is not sufficient to promote efficient proteolytic processing. Virology 341, 130–140.
| Sequence motif upstream of the Hendra virus fusion protein cleavage site is not sufficient to promote efficient proteolytic processing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVKjs73L&md5=a89e1ecc71c9ddbe3d9dcafa7458c9d5CAS |
[38] Smith, E.C. et al. (2012) Role of sequence and structure of the Hendra fusion protein fusion peptide in membrane fusion. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 30035–30048.
| Role of sequence and structure of the Hendra fusion protein fusion peptide in membrane fusion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1CgtrjF&md5=415d51661eae4f7f7c15f247e62e8161CAS |
[39] Wang, L. et al. (2001) Molecular biology of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes Infect. 3, 279–287.
| Molecular biology of Hendra and Nipah viruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjsFShuro%3D&md5=d734a9179a72d17942d72ee33593aec8CAS |
[40] Harcourt, B.H. et al. (2001) Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus. Virology 287, 192–201.
| Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFWit7w%3D&md5=6bbc354f00d1081741940b39d5bfd651CAS |
[41] Harcourt, B.H. et al. (2000) Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus. Virology 271, 334–349.
| Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktVKqtL8%3D&md5=4eeccdeb261e0202d84d21f5ea212d40CAS |
[42] Buchholz, U.J. et al. (1999) Generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) from cDNA: BRSV NS2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human RSV leader region acts as a functional BRSV genome promoter. J. Virol. 73, 251–259.
| 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotFSksro%3D&md5=1fbd29345deefc1a7793cb6d586a8286CAS |
[43] Hoenen, T. et al. (2011) Minigenomes, transcription and replication competent virus-like particles and beyond: reverse genetics systems for filoviruses and other negative stranded hemorrhagic fever viruses. Antiviral Res. 91, 195–208.
| Minigenomes, transcription and replication competent virus-like particles and beyond: reverse genetics systems for filoviruses and other negative stranded hemorrhagic fever viruses.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXovF2it7w%3D&md5=c1d794c7efaa70c22001ff829059260cCAS |
[44] Patch, J.R. et al. (2007) Quantitative analysis of Nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein. Virol. J. 4, 1.
| Quantitative analysis of Nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[45] Bossart, K.N. et al. (2001) Functional expression and membrane fusion tropism of the envelope glycoproteins of Hendra virus. Virology 290, 121–135.
| Functional expression and membrane fusion tropism of the envelope glycoproteins of Hendra virus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXot12msr0%3D&md5=2de0d3ad6d77c6029cc6c06e4362ac8fCAS |
[46] Bonaparte, M.I. et al. (2005) Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10652–10657.
| Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVSiu78%3D&md5=d1a93a48b3ffd83a6ead95094e77b63fCAS |
[47] Aguilar, H.C. and Iorio, R.M. (2012) Henipavirus membrane fusion and viral entry. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 359, 79–94.
| Henipavirus membrane fusion and viral entry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVCmtLzM&md5=84f6579bfd7149dc89dee5007b4fa2f3CAS |
[48] Skiadopoulos, M.H. et al. (2003) The genome length of human parainfluenza virus type 2 follows the rule of six, and recombinant viruses recovered from non-polyhexameric-length antigenomic cDNAs contain a biased distribution of correcting mutations. J. Virol. 77, 270–279.
| The genome length of human parainfluenza virus type 2 follows the rule of six, and recombinant viruses recovered from non-polyhexameric-length antigenomic cDNAs contain a biased distribution of correcting mutations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkt1am&md5=fcc2cc6939fae6d4d858cde5d28e9df9CAS |
[49] Vulliémoz, D. and Roux, L. (2001) ‘Rule of six’: how does the Sendai virus RNA polymerase keep count? J. Virol. 75, 4506–4518.
| ‘Rule of six’: how does the Sendai virus RNA polymerase keep count?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[50] Yoneda, M. et al. (2006) Establishment of a Nipah virus rescue system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 16508–16513.
| Establishment of a Nipah virus rescue system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1WmsLnK&md5=49d74de4c47cb90384226080929fe8a4CAS |
[51] Kovacs, G.R. et al. (2003) Enhanced genetic rescue of negative-strand RNA viruses: use of an MVA-T7 RNA polymerase vector and DNA replication inhibitors. J. Virol. Methods 111, 29–36.
| Enhanced genetic rescue of negative-strand RNA viruses: use of an MVA-T7 RNA polymerase vector and DNA replication inhibitors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVGqtbs%3D&md5=2a2bf1e8fbf5254bb8d43743df30a3cbCAS |
[52] Brown, D.D. et al. (2005) ‘Rescue’ of mini-genomic constructs and viruses by combinations of morbillivirus N, P and L proteins. J. Gen. Virol. 86, 1077–1081.
| ‘Rescue’ of mini-genomic constructs and viruses by combinations of morbillivirus N, P and L proteins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtlOmtr4%3D&md5=f7f8c92ed2b724a3fbfdb9e0ef66d62eCAS |
[53] Freiberg, A. et al. (2008) Establishment and characterization of plasmid-driven minigenome rescue systems for Nipah virus: RNA polymerase I- and T7-catalyzed generation of functional paramyxoviral RNA. Virology 370, 33–44.
| Establishment and characterization of plasmid-driven minigenome rescue systems for Nipah virus: RNA polymerase I- and T7-catalyzed generation of functional paramyxoviral RNA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlylu7%2FL&md5=5fc2f88791b511d16fba4e96aa2737dcCAS |
