Integrative systematic revision of a Mediterranean earthworm family: Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)
Daniel Fernández Marchán A D , Rosa Fernández B , Irene de Sosa A , Nuria Sánchez A , Darío J. Díaz Cosín A and Marta Novo C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
B Centre for Genomic Regulation, Carrer del Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
C Environmental Toxicology and Biology, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluídos, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
D Corresponding author. Email: danifermch@gmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 32(3) 652-671 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17048
Submitted: 21 April 2017 Accepted: 9 October 2017 Published: 8 May 2018
Abstract
The problem of reconciling earthworm taxonomy and phylogeny has shown advances with the application of molecular techniques, yet they have proven insufficient. Integrative systematics could solve this by combining multiple sources of evolutionary information. Relatively low diversity, restricted range and low nomenclatural conflict make Hormogastridae Michaelsen, 1900 a desirable target for an integrative systematics approach. The main systematic conflicts within this family are the polyphyly of the species Hormogaster pretiosa Michaelsen, 1899, the widespread presence of cryptic lineages, the lack of resolution of supraspecific relationships and the paraphyly of the genus Hormogaster Rosa, 1877 (found to be composed of four well-supported genus-level clades by molecular phylogenetic inference). This work integrates all the existing information by performing phylogenetic inference based on morphological, molecular and total evidence datasets, comparing their performance with the topology obtained by phylogenomic analyses. It also includes a comparative study of representatives of the main clades based on microcomputed tomography (µCT) reconstructions. The addition of morphological characters improved the resolution of the Hormogastridae tree; ancestral state reconstruction displayed the evolution of character states and provided morphological diagnoses for the genera within a new system, which incorporates information about ecological niches and biogeography.
Additional keywords: character evolution, Clitellata, comparative morphology, molecular systematics, morphology.
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