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Molecular phylogeny of the marine littoral Adota Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) and its implication for biogeographic patterns

Jeong-Hun Song, Jong-Keun Jung, Kee-Jeong Ahn

Abstract

Recent studies have proposed different biogeographic patterns of intertidal Diaulota and marine littoral Psammostiba along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere. To compare the biogeographic patterns of different lineages of aleocharine beetles and explore the recurrent patterns among them, we studied coastal Adota, with a distribution range almost identical to those of Diaulota and Psammostiba. We performed phylogenetic analysis of the marine littoral Adota occurring on the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere using molecular characters (5188 bp: ca. 1,452 bp of COI, ca. 404 bp of COII, ca. 475 bp of 16S, ca. 879 bp of 18S, ca. 973 bp of 28S, ca. 542 bp of EF1-α, and ca. 463 bp of Wg) to discuss their phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic patterns. The data were analysed using parsimony (PA), Bayesian (BA), and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The genus Adota and clade A with the same patterns of relationships (A. sinanensis ((A. elongata + A. koreana) (A. magnipennis + A. ushio))), were strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. The PA, BA, and ML analyses yielded different species relationships in clade B: (A. kamchatkaensis (A. namhae + A. maritima)) in the ML tree using IQ-TREE2, (A. namhae (A. kamchatkaensis + A. maritima)) in the BA and RAxML trees and unresolved polytomy in the PA tree. Our results suggest that the ancestors of Adota were widespread along the East Asian coasts (Korea and Japan, Kamchatka). Subsequently, Adota species expanded their range and underwent vicariance between Korea and Japan and Russia (Kamchatka). Later, another dispersal event occurred from Korea and Japan to North America and a vicariance event occurred between Korea and Japan, and North America. Adota have similar biogeographical patterns to Psammostiba, probably because they occupy the same microhabitats and have similar biological characteristics. The findings demonstrate the importance of microhabitats and biological traits in the study of biogeographic patterns of marine coastal insects.

IS24055  Accepted 18 November 2024

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