Trivettea papalotla, recently described from Mexico, is the first tritoniid nudibranch known to feed on zoanthid anthozoans; this species is also unusual by having several morphological traits not found in any other species of tritoniid. In the present study, the phylogenetic placement of Trivettea papalotla is investigated based on molecular data, showing that this species is not nested within Tritoniidae and instead appears to be a basal cladobranch.

Aquatic insects are important for freshwater ecosystem functioning and are used for ecological monitoring worldwide. The ability to identify species (morphologically and genetically) is paramount to our understanding of these systems. In this paper, a genus of stonefly was reviewed with the results identifying a new species, building a DNA library and developing a morphological identification guide to larvae.

The crane fly genus Lipsothrix comprises species associated with coarse woody debris found in small to medium sized streams and aquatic seepages. Here, the genus is revised base on adult morphology and the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of the genus are explored. This work adds to our understanding of species diversity and to the global patterns of crane fly diversification.