Lost characters and lost taxonomists: Coelocarteriidae fam. nov., Poecilosclerida with and without chelae, to accommodate supposed phloeodictyids (Haplosclerida)
Camille Victoria Leal
A B * , Sula Salani A C * , Fernando Coreixas de Moraes D , Rodrigo Leão de Moura E , Fabiano Lopes Thompson B E and Eduardo Hajdu A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratório de Taxonomia de Porifera (TAXPO), Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
B Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
C Laboratório de Bentos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco E, s/n, Asa Norte, CEP 70910–900, Brasília/DF, Brazil.
D Diretoria de Pesquisas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
E Instituto de Biologia e SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Invertebrate Systematics 37(3) 192-210 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS22017
Submitted: 14 February 2022 Accepted: 21 February 2023 Published: 23 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
The taxonomic study of Great Amazon Reef System sponges yielded three Oceanapia-like (Phloeodictyidae, Haplosclerida) species of similar gross morphology, two preliminarily identified as O. bartschi and another as Coelocarteria (Poecilosclerida), due to the presence of common palmate isochelae. The remarkable overall similarity of all three species in gross morphology necessitated an integrative assessment of the phylogenetic affinities. A selection of haplosclerid and poecilosclerid sequences (18S and 28S rRNA) was gathered from Genbank and compared to sequences mapped to reference from metagenome of two Oceanapia-like species from the Amazon River mouth, one of which matched O. bartschi. Both Brazilian species clustered with Coelocarteria singaporensis (Singapore). These species nest in the Poecilosclerida, far from Oceanapia (sp. and isodictyiformis) and other haplosclerids (Amphimedon, Petrosia, Siphonodictyon and Xestospongia) but also far from the poecilosclerid Isodictya that is currently classified in the same family as Coelocarteria, the Isodictyidae. Specimens with chelae are named Coelocarteria alcoladoi sp. nov. herein, while those without chelae represent the other two species. One matched Inflatella bartschi (O. bartchi’s holotype, here re-examined), thereby supporting the transfer of this species to Coelocarteria. The other is proposed as C. amadoi sp. nov. and is the second known lipochelous species in this genus. The 28S phylogenies recovered Coelocarteria bartschi comb. nov. (formerly Oceanapia bartschi) in the Poecilosclerida clade that clustered with Coelocarteria spp., including the type species of this genus, C. singaporensis, with 100% support. Coelocarteria alcoladoi sp. nov., also without chelae, grouped in the same clade, thereby corroborating the classification in this genus. The clade composed of Coelocarteria spp. grouped with Cornulella sp., suggesting an affinity between these genera. Coelocarteria is currently situated within Isodictyidae and Cornulella in Acarnidae. Isodictya (Isodictyidae) grouped with Amphilectus (Esperiopsidae) with high support and is only distantly related to Coelocarteria. Acarnus (Acarnidae) grouped with Clathria, also with high support, far from Coelocarteria and Cornulella. These results suggest the polyphyletic nature of Isodictyidae and Acarnidae, for which reason we preferred to propose a new, currently monotypic family for Coelocarteria spp., Coelocarteriidae fam. nov.
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71FDB6FD-4A5F-4180-8DA7-79EA4CB615D1
Keywords: 18S, 28S, Amazon reefs, biodiversity, metagenome skimming, molecular systematics, Porifera, systematics, taxonomy.
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