The molecular systematics and diversification of a taxonomically unstable group of Asian cicada tribes related to Cicadini Latreille, 1802 (Hemiptera : Cicadidae)
Kathy B. R. Hill A 1 , David C. Marshall
A O 1 , Kiran Marathe B L , Maxwell S. Moulds C , Young June Lee D , Thai-Hong Pham E F , Alma B. Mohagan G , Vivek Sarkar B H M , Benjamin W. Price I , J. P. Duffels J , Marieke A. Schouten N , Arnold J. de Boer K , Krushnamegh Kunte B and Chris Simon A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Email: david.marshall@uconn.edu; chris.simon@uconn.edu
B National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, Karnataka, India. Email: kiran@ifoundbutterflies.org; vivek@ifoundbutterflies.org; krushnamegh@ncbs.res.in
C Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Email: msmoulds@gmail.com
D Bolton, CT 06043, USA. Email: cicaderolee@gmail.com
E Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hue, Vietnam.
F Vietnam National Museum of Nature and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: phamthai1976@yahoo.com
G Central Mindanao University, Sayre Highway, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. Email: almohagan@gmail.com
H Wildlife Institute of India – Category 2 Centre (WII-C2C) for World Natural Heritage Management and Training for Asia and the Pacific Region, under the auspices of UNESCO, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248001, India.
I Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK. Email: b.price@nhm.ac.uk
J Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Email: hans.duffels@naturalis.nl
K Zoological Museum, Department of Entomology, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
L Present address: Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
M Present address: Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Sri Ram Chandra Vihar, Takatpur, Mayurbhanj, Baripada, Odisha 757 003, India.
N Deceased. Formerly at Eurofins MITOX BV, Science Park 408, 1098XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
O Corresponding author. Email: david.marshall@uconn.edu
Invertebrate Systematics 35(5) 570-601 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS20079
Submitted: 2 November 2020 Accepted: 13 January 2021 Published: 28 June 2021
Abstract
The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) related to tribe Cicadini exhibit some of the most remarkable phenotypes in the family, with many genera possessing striking colour patterns and unusual morphological features. This largely Asian group of 13 tribes has proven challenging for cicada taxonomists, in part because of likely convergent evolution or losses of these phenotypes. We present the first focused molecular phylogeny of this clade, including ~60 described genera. The genetic dataset contains 839 ingroup-informative sites (out of 2575) from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear elongation factor-1 α, and nuclear acetyltransferase. We use Bayesian and maximum likelihood trees to test recent changes in tribe- and subtribe-level classification, and we reconstruct ancestral character states for potentially convergent traits influencing tribe descriptions. We use fossil and molecular clock calibrations to estimate the temporal and geographic context of the radiation. The tribes Gaeanini, Leptopsaltriini, Platypleurini, Psithyristriini, and Tosenini appear polyphyletic and in need of revision, in part because of convergent evolution of opaque wings and multiple convergent gains or losses of abdominal tubercles. Kalabita Moulton, 1923 is transferred from Platypleurini to Leptopsaltriini. Vittagaeana gen. nov. is established for Vittagaeana paviei comb. nov. and Vittagaeana dives comb. nov., formerly in Tosena. Sinosenini syn. nov. is synonymised with Dundubiina. Ayuthiini trib. nov. is established with two new subtribes for Ayuthia Distant, 1919 and Distantalna Boulard, 2009, formerly in Tosenini. For the earliest split in the tree, one common ancestor appears to have been Indian + Asian in geographic distribution and the other Asian. We estimate that the radiation began in the middle Cenozoic Era, possibly as recently as the early Miocene. The recent and steady pattern of diversification suggests that refinement of tribe diagnoses will prove challenging.
http://zoobank.org:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5A6C16F4-5269-453B-BA5C-B29C3394683A
Keywords: wing morphology, tubercles, character state reconstruction, convergence, family group classification, nomenclature, biogeography, divergence times, Cenozoic Era, India, Auchenorrhyncha.
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