Historical biogeography of a neglected family of armoured harvestmen (Opiliones : Laniatores : Icaleptidae) with the first record and a new genus for tropical Mesoamerica
Jesús A. Cruz-López
A B D , Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas A B , Pío A. Colmenares C and Oscar F. Francke A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
B Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
C Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
D Corresponding author. Present address: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Regional de Investigación Pacífico Sur (CIRPAS), Campo Experimental Valles Centrales, Melchor Ocampo 7, Santo Domingo Barrio Bajo, Villa de Etla, 68200 Oaxaca, Mexico. Email: thelyphonidito@gmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 35(5) 493-513 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS20008
Submitted: 1 March 2020 Accepted: 12 November 2020 Published: 28 June 2021
Abstract
Among Opiliones (Arachnida), there are many taxa either with no familial assignment or erroneously located in their current family. This is the case of Ethobunus pilosus, formerly in Phalangodidae and before this work in Zalmoxidae. To assess the phylogenetic position of this taxon, we started with a revision of the male genitalia; followed by the inclusion of three molecular markers: nuclear 28S and 18S, and mitochondrial protein-encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from E. pilosus in the previously published phylogenies of the Samooidea + Zalmoxoidea clade. The results revealed that E. pilosus is a derived lineage within the family Icaleptidae, thus it is transferred from Zalmoxidae, and the new name Trypophobica gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate it, with the new combination Trypophobica pilosa comb. nov. With its inclusion in Icaleptidae, and the description of Trypophobica llama sp. nov., the current diagnosis of the family needs updating, and further morphological characters should be considered as putative synapomorphies. In addition, the reconstruction of the ancestral ranges of Icaleptidae suggests a mid-Cretaceous origin c. 104 Ma in South America, with a subsequent colonisation to north Mesoamerica c. 80 Ma.
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