Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Australian arid-zone oniscidean isopods (Crustacea : Haloniscus) reveals strong regional endemicity and new putative species
Michelle T. Guzik
A H , Danielle N. Stringer A , Nicholas P. Murphy B , Steven J. B. Cooper A C , Stefano Taiti D E , Rachael A. King A C , William F. Humphreys F G and Andrew D. Austin A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia.
B Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia.
C South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
D Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence, Italy.
E Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università, Sezione di Zoologia La Specola’ Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence, Italy.
F Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia.
G School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
H Corresponding author. Email: michelle.guzik@adelaide.edu.au
Invertebrate Systematics 33(3) 556-574 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS18070
Submitted: 23 August 2018 Accepted: 21 January 2019 Published: 4 June 2019
Abstract
During the Miocene, central and western Australia shared a warm–wet environment that harboured a mesic rainforest fauna. Now, although the area is within the arid climate zone, it provides a habitat for highly diverse groundwater-associated invertebrates. Periods of global cooling and aridification during the late Miocene resulted in isolated desert refuges that retained ancient lineages. We aimed to characterise oniscidean isopod crustaceans from three refugial locations in the arid zone, and salt lakes, to identify new putative species. Extensive sampling and sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase c subunit 1 gene and the 18S rRNA gene were conducted. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the oniscidean genus Haloniscus showed results consistent with a relictualisation hypothesis of widespread populations from across South Australia to Western Australia with subsequent geographic isolation and diversification of new species within habitats. We observed significant regional endemicity, but some lineages were not regionally monophyletic, pointing to past connectivity. We expand the range of Haloniscus and identify at least 26 putative species from arid-zone locations in Australia, with substantial phylogeographic structure within locations. These findings highlight the importance of relictual groundwater habitats as refugia for a diverse fauna representing early climatic history in Australia’s arid zone.
Additional keywords: CO1, 18S rRNA gene, groundwater, isolation, refugia.
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