A multigene phylogenetic analysis results in a redefinition of the genus Notonomus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and descriptions of new species of the subgenus Leiradira Castelnau
Kipling Will
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Email: kipwill@berkeley.edu
Invertebrate Systematics 29(4) 313-344 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14021
Submitted: 16 April 2014 Accepted: 16 November 2014 Published: 28 August 2015
Abstract
Bayesian analysis of four partial gene sequences (28S rDNA, wg, CAD and COI mtDNA) from exemplars of all genera and 12 of 17 informal groups of the Notonomus-series of pterostichine carabids strongly supports a clade requiring redefinition of Notonomus Chaudoir, 1862. Notonomus is redefined to include all species currently placed in Notonomus by Lorenz (2005a) plus two Sarticus Motschulsky, 1865 species (S. blackburni (Sloane, 1895) and S. impar (Sloane, 1893)), all species of Leiradira Castelnau, 1867, Conchitella Moore, 1962 Loxodactylus Chaudoir, 1865 and Acanthoferonia Moore, 1965. Analysis of combined data places Sarticus sister to Notonomus with low support. Individual gene analyses indicated wg is in conflict with other loci and analyses exclusive of wg place Parhypates Motschulsky, 1866 sister to Notonomus with very high support. Leiradira species form a clade within Notonomus including Notonomus dimorphicus Darlington, 1961 and N. flos Darlington, 1961. Six new species of the subgenus Leiradira from Queensland are described; Notonomus (Leiradira) thynnefiliarum, N. (L.) vadosus, N. (L.) viridis, N. (L.) spectabilis, N. (L.) iridescens and N. (L.) barrae. Two additional species of Notonomus s.l. are described; Notonomus hephaestus from the Lamb Range, Queensland, which is part of a mimicry complex with Notonomus (Leiradira) aurifer (Darlington, 1961); and Notonomus nocturnocappellus, from New South Wales, which represents a unique combination of characteristics for the genus. Descriptions of all species of Notonomus (Leiradira) with a wide gula, a grouping equivalent to Darlington’s concept of Leiradira, are given. An identification key to species of Notonomus (Leiradira), the two newly described Notonomus s.l. species and all recognised subgenera of Notonomus is provided.
References
Bonacci, T., Brandmayr, P., and Zetto Brandmayr, T. (2011). Predator feeding choice on conspicuous and non-conspicuous carabid beetles: first results. ZooKeys 100, 171–179.| 21738410PubMed |
Darlington, P. J. (1953). Australian Carabid Beetles II. Some New Pterostichini. Psyche 60, 90–101.
| Australian Carabid Beetles II. Some New Pterostichini.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Darlington, P. J. (1960). Australian Carabid Beetles IV. List of Localities, 1956–1958. Psyche 67, 111–126.
| Australian Carabid Beetles IV. List of Localities, 1956–1958.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Darlington, P. J. (1961a). Australian Carabid Beetles IX. The Tropical Notonomus. Breviora 148, 1–14.
Darlington, P. J. (1961b). Australian Carabid beetles VIII. Leiradira, especially the tropical species. Breviora 147, 1–11.
Castelnau, F. L. L. (1867). Notes on Australian Coleoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 8, 31–38.
Chaudoir, M. (1868). Révision des Trigonotomides. Annales De La Société Entomologique De Belgique 11, 151–164.
Forsythe, T. G. (1982). Feeding Mechanisms of certain ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The Coleopterists Society 36, 26–73.
Forsythe, T. G. (1983). Mouthparts and feeding of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 79, 319–376.
| Mouthparts and feeding of certain ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Green, P. (1999). PHRAP. Version 0.990329. Available at URL: http://phrap.org
Green, P., and Ewing, B. (2002). Phred. Ver. 0.020425c. Available via http://phrap.org
Huelsenbeck, J., and Ronquist, F. (2005). Bayesian analysis of molecular evolution using MrBayes. In ‘Statistical Methods in Molecular Evolution’. (Ed. R. Nielsen.) pp. 183–226. (Springer: New York.)
Liebherr, J. K., and Will, K. W. (1998). Inferring phylogenetic relationships within Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from characters of the female reproductive tract. pp 107–170. In ‘Phylogeny and Classification of Caraboidea Coleoptera: Adephaga)’. (Eds G. E. Ball, A. Casale, and A. V. Taglianti.) pp. 107–170. (XX International Congress of Entomology. Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino. Italy.)
Lindroth, C. H. (1971). Disappearance as a protective factor: a supposed case of Batesian mimicry among beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Chrysomelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 2, 41–48.
| Disappearance as a protective factor: a supposed case of Batesian mimicry among beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Chrysomelidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lorenz, W. (2005a). ‘A Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World (Coleoptera ‘Geadephaga’: Trachypachidae and Carabidae, incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae).’ 2nd edn. (Wolfgang Lorenz: Tutzing, Germany.)
Lorenz, W. (2005b). ‘Nomina Carabidarum – a Directory of the Scientific Names of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera ‘Geadephaga’: Trachypachidae and Carabidae, incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae).’ 2nd edn. (Wolfgang Lorenz: Tutzing, Germany.)
Lutshnik, V. (1916). Notes on species of the genus Platysma (Coleoptera) from Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 86, 535–536.
| Notes on species of the genus Platysma (Coleoptera) from Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maddison, D. R., and Maddison, W. P. (2011a). Cartographer: a Mesquite package for plotting geographic data. Available at http://mesquiteproject.org/packages/cartographer
Maddison, W. P., and Maddison, D. R. (2011b). Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Available at http://mesquiteproject.org
Maddison, D. R., and Maddison, W. P. (2011c). Chromaseq: a Mesquite package for analyzing sequence chromatograms. Version 1.0. Available at http://mesquiteproject.org/packages/chromaseq
Mawdsley, J. R., Erwin, T. L., Sithole, H., and Mawdsley, A. S. (2012). A synopsis of the genus Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anthiini) known to occur in the Republic of South Africa. ZooKeys 43, 23–43.
Monteith, G. (1986). Insects from Kroombit Tops, Queensland with some results of a site survey of Coleoptera. The Queensland Naturalist 27, 27–34.
Moore, B. P. (1960). Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) 1. New species of the tribes Agonicini, Trechini and Pterostichini. Proceedings of The Royal Entomological Society of London 29, 165–169.
Moore, B. P. (1961). Notes on Australian Carabidae (Col.). II Notonomus atridermis Sloane. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 96, 134–136.
Moore, B. P. (1963). New or little known Australian Carabidae in the Frey Museum (Col.). Entomologischen Arbeiten Aus Dem Museum Georg Frey 14, 435–444.
Moore, B. P. (1965). Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) 4. – The Pterostichinae. Transactions of the Royal entomological Society of London 117, 1–32.
(a) Moore, B. P., Weir, T. A., and Pyke, J. E. (1987). Carabidae. In ‘Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 4. Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga and Adephaga’. (Eds J. F. Lawrence, B. P. Moore, J. E. Pyke and T. A. Weir.) pp. 23–320. (Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.)
(b) NASA/JPL/NGA (2004). Australia, shaded relief and colored height. Available at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06665 [Verified 11 September 2013].
Nylander, J. A. A. (2004). MrModeltest v2. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Ortuno, V. M. (1996). The female genitalia of the Poecilini from the Iberian Peninsula I The genus Orthomus Chaudoir, 1838. Nouvelle Revue D’Entomologie 13, 261–274.
Rambaut, A., and Drummond, A. J. (2007). Tracer V.1.5. Available at http://evolve.zoo.ox.ac.uk/
Ronquist, F., and Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19, 1572–1574.
| MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlKms7k%3D&md5=6c22440a111ffd7c39b671a54462b45bCAS | 12912839PubMed |
Schmied, H., Lambertz, M., and Geissler, P. (2013). New case of true mimicry in cockroaches (Blattodea). Entomological Science 16, 119–121.
| New case of true mimicry in cockroaches (Blattodea).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., and Flook, P. (1994). Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene-sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 651–701.
| Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene-sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXis1Wiu7g%3D&md5=2841a8ddd2ecccad310722bcd729b341CAS |
Sloane, T. G. (1895). Studies in Australian entomology. No. VII. New genera and species of Carabidae (including some notes on previously described species, and synoptic lists of genera and species). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9, 393–455.
Sloane, T. G. (1902). A revision of the genus Notonomus (family Carabidae; Subfamily Feronini). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 27, 252–325.
Sloane, T. G. (1903). Studies in Australian Entomology No. XII. New Carabidae (Panagaeini, Bembidiini, Pogonini, Platysmatini, Platynini, Lebiini, with revisional lists of genera and species, some notes on synonymy, &c.). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 28, 566–642.
Sloane, T. G. (1913). Revisional notes on Australian Carabidae. Part iv. The genus Notonomus. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 38, 404–449.
Sloane, T. G. (1915). Studies in Australian entomology. No. xvii. New genera and species of Carabidae (Pamborini, Migadopini, Broscini, Cuneipectini, Nomiini, Pterostichini, Platynini, Oodini, Harpalini, and Leblini). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 40, 438–473.
Sloane, T. G. (1916). Carabidae from the Upper Williams River, N.S.W. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 41, 196–208.
Sloane, T. G. (1923). Studies in Australian Entomology. XVIII. New genera and species of Carabidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 48, 17–39.
Straneo, S. L. (1941). Sui tipi dei Pterostichini (Coleopt. Carabid.) Australiani della collezione Castelnau nel Museo Civico di Genova Nota III. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 61, 83–94.
Straneo, S. L. (1953). Nuovi Pterostichini VII. Doriana, Supplemento. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, Genova 1, 1–12.
Straneo, S. L. (1986). Sui gen. Parhypates Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 183, 221–236.
Tschitschérine, T. (1897). Matériaux pour servir à l’étude des Féroniens III. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 30, 250–351.
Tschitschérine, T. (1898). Matériaux pour servir à l’étude des Féroniens IV. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 32, 1–224.
Tschitschérine, T. (1902). Notes sur les Platysmatini de l’Australie. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 35, 502–534.
Wheeler, T. J., and Kececioglu, J. D. (2007). OPAL Package version 2.1.Multiple alignments by aligning alignments. Bioinformatics 23, i559–i568.
| OPAL Package version 2.1.Multiple alignments by aligning alignments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXos1yrur0%3D&md5=dcc856852c14eff1be0dd59cda2582d2CAS | 17646343PubMed |
Will, K. W. (2002). Revision of the New World Abariform Genera Neotalus N. Gen. and Abaris Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini (Auctorum). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 71, 143–213.
Will, K. W. (2011a). Chaetauchenium Tschitchérine, 1900 (Carabidae : Pterostichini) a new species and new status for a lineage from the Valdivian temperate rainforest. Gayana Zoologica 75, 192–197.
Will, K. W. (2011b). Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147, 337–397.
| 22371668PubMed |
Will, K. W., and Gill, A. S. (2008). Phylogeny and classification of Hypherpes auctorum (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini: Pterostichus). Annals of Carnegie Museum 77, 93–127.
| Phylogeny and classification of Hypherpes auctorum (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini: Pterostichus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Will, K. W., and Kavanaugh, D. H. (2012). A new species of Lesticus Dejean, 1828 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea and a key to the genera of pterostichine-like Harpalinae of New Guinea. ZooKeys 246, 27–37.
| A new species of Lesticus Dejean, 1828 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea and a key to the genera of pterostichine-like Harpalinae of New Guinea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yeates, D. K., Bouchard, P., and Monteith, G. (2002). Patterns and levels of endemism in the Australian Wet Tropics rainforest: evidence from flightless insects. Invertebrate Systematics 16, 605–619.
| Patterns and levels of endemism in the Australian Wet Tropics rainforest: evidence from flightless insects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
