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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 23(4)

Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the scutellaris group of Palpada Macquart (Diptera : Syrphidae)

Mírian Nunes Morales A and Luciane Marinoni A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Email: mirian_nm@yahoo.com.br; lmarinoni@ufpr.br

Invertebrate Systematics 23(4) 301-347 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS09006
Submitted: 24 January 2009  Accepted: 30 June 2009   Published: 30 October 2009

Abstract

Palpada Macquart, 1834 is a large genus of tropical Eristaliini flies with distribution restricted to the New World (Diptera : Syrphidae : Eristalinae). Most species were initially placed within Eristalis Latreille, 1804. In 1972, most Neotropical species were transferred to Palpada when F.C. Thompson divided Eristalis sensu lato into three genera: Eristalis, Eoseristalis Kanervo, 1938 and Palpada. The latter genus was divided by Thompson (1981) into three groups of species: scutellaris, agrorum and vinetorum. In the present study, the species of the scutellaris group are revised and the phylogenetic relationships among its species are reconstructed based on adult morphology. The cladistic analysis of the 24 terminal species and 48 characters of external morphology and male and female genitalia, produced one cladogram under equal weights. The monophyly of the scutellaris group was corroborated. Twelve species are recognised within the group, of which one is described as new: Palpada cordiformis Morales, sp. nov., P. claudia (Curran), P. conica (Fabricius), P. doris (Curran), P. erratica (Curran), P. fuliginosa (Hull), P. megafemur Thompson, P. melanaspis (Wiedemann), P. precipua (Williston), P. rufoscutellata (Sack), P. scutellaris (Fabricius) and P. vera (Hull). Two new synonymies are proposed: P. dorothea (Hull, 1942) = P. melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830); and P. glabella (Hull, 1942) = P. fuliginosa (Hull, 1935). The lectotype is designated for Eristalis melanaspis. An identification key, a catalogue, distribution maps, illustrations of general aspects, illustrations of male and female genitalia and scanning electron micrographs are provided.

Additional keywords: Eristalinae, Eristaliini, Neotropical region, phylogeny, redescription.


Acknowledgements

We thank CNPq for financial support. The curators in charge of the collections listed in the ‘Material and methods’ section are acknowledged for loan of the specimens under their care. We are grateful to F. Christian Thompson for allowing the use of unpublished information, provided literature and for the comments on the manuscript. The Samuel Wendell Williston Diptera Research Foundation for financial support to the first author for studying the Smithsonian Entomological Collection. Claudio J.B. Carvalho, Antonio Aguiar and Carlos E. Lamas provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Gunilla Ståhls, Heikki Hippa and Ximo Mengual provided literature. Andreas Köhler for helping with German literature. We are also grateful to the technicians Sergio Tokunaga and Rosângela Borges Freitas of Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica (CME) of Universidade Federal do Paraná, for helping with the s.e.m. photographs. Lisiane D. Wendt for helping with the Automontage images. Project Taxon line – Network of Biological Collections from Paraná State (www.taxonline.ufpr.br) for the use of Automontage facilities. This forms contribution number 1773 of Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.


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