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Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 23(1)

Systematics and phylogeny of a new cryptic species of Diloma Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) from a novel habitat, the bull kelp holdfast communities of southern New Zealand

Hamish G. Spencer A C , Bruce A. Marshall B and Jonathan M. Waters A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.

B Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.

C Corresponding author. Email: h.spencer@otago.ac.nz

Invertebrate Systematics 23(1) 19-25 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS08030
Submitted: 14 August 2008  Accepted: 17 February 2009   Published: 31 March 2009

Abstract

The seven currently recognised New Zealand species in the gastropod genus Diloma Philippi, 1845 are an important component of New Zealand’s littoral biodiversity across a range of intertidal habitats. A new cryptic species in this genus (Diloma durvillaea, sp. nov.) is described largely on molecular grounds from exposed coasts of the South Island of New Zealand from Lyttelton south, as well as the Auckland Islands. The shell is very similar to D. arida (Finlay, 1926), differing subtly in having stronger spiral ribs and less extensive or no yellow spotting. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene shows these two species are sister-taxa and are more distinct from each other (genetic distance 11.5%) than are the morphologically divergent sister-species D. subrostrata (Gray, 1835) and D. aethiops (Gmelin, 1791) (8.2%), also from New Zealand. The new species is found in a novel habitat for the genus, in the holdfasts and on the blades of the bull kelp, Durvillaea antarctica (Cham.) Har. (Phaeophyta), at the low-tide mark on exposed coasts, whereas D. arida occurs higher up on the shore, as well as in more sheltered situations.

Additional keywords: Diloma arida, Diloma durvillaea, Durvillaea, holotype, Monodontinae, new species, nomenclature, taxonomy, topshell.


Acknowledgements

Jennifer Lawn, supported by a summer bursary scholarship funded by JMW, assisted with fieldwork and preliminary DNA sequencing. Additional DNA sequencing was performed by Tania King. Kirsten Donald and Martyn Kennedy kindly provided access to their topshell COI dataset.


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