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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 22(5)

Recent origins and genetic fragmentation of Simulium (Hebridosimulium) laciniatum (Diptera), the endemic Fijian simuliid

Christine Gaudreau A , Bernard LaRue A C , Valérie Charbonneau A , Guy Charpentier A and Douglas A. Craig B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Département de Chimie-biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Box 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.

B Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Canada.

C Corresponding author. Email: bernard.larue@uqtr.ca

Invertebrate Systematics 22(5) 555-562 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS08024
Submitted: 03 June 2008  Accepted: 29 September 2008   Published: 4 December 2008

Abstract

Simulium laciniatum Edwards, 1924 is endemic to Fiji and is also the only known black fly species in the Fiji archipelago, a most unusual situation since neighbouring Vanuatu harbours fourteen precinctive species from the same subgenus, Hebridosimulium Grenier & Rageau, 1961. Morphology indicates that S. (H.) laciniatum is monospecific throughout the Fiji archipelago, so the species was further scrutinised from a molecular standpoint. Samples taken from five islands of Fiji show a major lack of heterogeneity in the mitochondrial COII gene and a probable date around 105 years has been inferred for the S. (H.) laciniatum ancestor, a likely migrant from Vanuatu. COII homogeneity may also reflect the dispersal abilities of blood-seeking females of this species, abetted possibly by shortened distances between islands during ice ages concurrent with depressed sea levels. However, the ITS1 spacer between the 18S and 5.8S rDNA genes exhibits six haplotypes, with the two predominant ones clearly arrayed in a north–south distribution. This suggests sufficient distance between suites of islands in recent times to allow precinctive population development.

Additional keywords: biogeography, black fly, COII, ITS1, Simuliidae.


Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the research and student support provided by the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Financial support for D.A. Craig was from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant.


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