Reliability and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form for older adults in Vietnam
Dinh V. Tran A , Andy H. Lee B E , Thuy B. Au C , Chung T. Nguyen D and Dong V. Hoang D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine Network Coordination, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
B School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
C Royal Hobart Hospital, 48 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tas. 7000, Australia.
D Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
E Corresponding author. Email: Andy.Lee@curtin.edu.au
Health Promotion Journal of Australia 24(2) 126-131 https://doi.org/10.1071/HE13012
Submitted: 4 February 2013 Accepted: 21 June 2013 Published: 25 July 2013
Abstract
Issues addressed: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as a global standard questionnaire to monitor physical activity across diverse populations. In Vietnam, the IPAQ–Short Form (SF) has only been tested for reliability and validity among adolescents. The present study determined test–retest reliability and criterion validity of the IPAQ-SF for older Vietnamese adults aged 60–75 years.
Methods: In all, 197 participants were recruited from the community. Subjects were requested to wear a pedometer, record daily steps and list all physical activities in a log-book for 7 consecutive days. Those who completed the requirements were interviewed using the IPAQ-SF (IPAQ1). A repeated interview was arranged 3 days later (IPAQ2).
Results: The final sample consisted of 150 participants (75 men, 75 women) with mean (± s.d.) age of 66.8 ± 5.1 years. The intraclass correlation coefficients between IPAQ1 and IPAQ2 exceeded 0.80 for all physical activity domains and sitting, indicating good reliability. However, fair to weak validity was evident between IPAQ1 measures and activity log and pedometer readings, with Spearman correlations of 0.46 and 0.20, respectively.
Conclusions: The Vietnamese translated version of IPAQ-SF appears to be a reliable and reasonably valid instrument to assess and monitor habitual physical activity for older adults in Vietnam.
So what?: The IPAQ-SF could provide useful physical activity data to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion intervention programs and for international comparison purposes.
Keywords: pedometer, test–retest, validation, Vietnamese.
References
[1] Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35, 1381–95.| International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12900694PubMed |
[2] Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM (2011) Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8, 115
| Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22018588PubMed |
[3] Egeland GM, Denomme D, Lejeune P, Pereg D (2008) Concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in an Iiyiyiu Aschii (Cree) community. Can J Public Health 99, 307–10.
[4] Ishikawa-Takata K, Tabata I, Sasaki S, Rafamantanantsoa HH, Okazaki H, Okubo H, Tanaka S, Yamamoto S, Shirota T, Uchida K, Murata M (2008) Physical activity level in healthy free-living Japanese estimated by doubly labelled water method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Eur J Clin Nutr 62, 885–91.
| Physical activity level in healthy free-living Japanese estimated by doubly labelled water method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cvit1ygsg%3D%3D&md5=a517ae94cbede1e3a4bf50a1976a889fCAS | 17522602PubMed |
[5] De Cocker KA, De Bourdeaudhuij IM, Cardon GM (2009) What do pedometer counts represent? A comparison between pedometer data and data from four different questionnaires. Public Health Nutr 12, 74–81.
| What do pedometer counts represent? A comparison between pedometer data and data from four different questionnaires.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18353199PubMed |
[6] Faulkner G, Cohn T, Remington G (2006) Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 82, 225–31.
| Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16360305PubMed |
[7] Heesch KC, Uffelen JG, Hill RL, Brown WJ (2010) What do IPAQ questions mean to older adults? Lessons from cognitive interviews. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 7, 35
| What do IPAQ questions mean to older adults? Lessons from cognitive interviews.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20459758PubMed |
[8] Grimm EK, Swartz AM, Hart T, Miller NE, Strath SJ (2012) Comparison of the IPAQ-Short Form and accelerometry predictions of physical activity in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 20, 64–79.
[9] Tomioka K, Iwamoto J, Saeki K, Okamoto N (2011) Reliability and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly adults: the Fujiwara-kyo Study. J Epidemiol 21, 459–65.
| Reliability and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in elderly adults: the Fujiwara-kyo Study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21946625PubMed |
[10] Deng HB, Macfarlane DJ, Thomas GN, Lao XQ, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH (2008) Reliability and validity of the IPAQ-Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40, 303–7.
| Reliability and validity of the IPAQ-Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18202571PubMed |
[11] Kolbe-Alexander TL, Lambert EV, Harkins JB, Ekelund U (2006) Comparison of two methods of measuring physical activity in South African older adults. J Aging Phys Act 14, 98–114.
[12] Lee AH, Hirayama F (2012) Physical activity and urinary incontinence in older adults: a community-based study. Curr Aging Sci 5, 35–40.
[13] Lee AH, Jancey J, Howat P, Burke L, Kerr DA, Shilton T (2011) Effectiveness of a home-based postal and telephone physical activity and nutrition pilot program for seniors. J Obes 2011, pii786827
| Effectiveness of a home-based postal and telephone physical activity and nutrition pilot program for seniors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[14] Trinh OT, Nguyen ND, van der Ploeg HP, Dibley MJ, Bauman A (2009) Test–retest repeatability and relative validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in a developing country context. J Phys Act Health 6, S46–53.
[15] Au TB, Blizzard L, Schmidt M, Pham LH, Magnussen C, Dwyer T (2010) Reliability and validity of the global physical activity questionnaire in Vietnam. J Phys Act Health 7, 410–8.
[16] Ota E, Haruna M, Yanai H, Suzuki M, Anh D, Matsuzakia M, Tho le H, Ariyoshi K, Yeo SA, Murashima S (2008) Reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39, 562–70.
[17] Lachat CK, Verstraeten R, Khanh le NB, Hagstromer M, Khan NC, Van Ndo A, Dung NQ, Kolsteren PW (2008) Validity of two physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ and PAQA) for Vietnamese adolescents in rural and urban areas. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 5, 37
| Validity of two physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ and PAQA) for Vietnamese adolescents in rural and urban areas.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18616798PubMed |
[18] Hong TK, Trang NH, van der Ploeg HP, Hardy LL, Dibley MJ (2012) Validity and reliability of a physical activity questionnaire for Vietnamese adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9, 93
| Validity and reliability of a physical activity questionnaire for Vietnamese adolescents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22853177PubMed |
[19] Le Masurier GC, Lee SM, Tudor-Locke C (2004) Motion sensor accuracy under controlled and free-living conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36, 905–10.
| Motion sensor accuracy under controlled and free-living conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15126728PubMed |
[20] Marshall A, Bauman A. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire: summary report of the reliability & validity studies. 2001. Available from: http://www.ipaq.ki.se/questionnaires/IPAQSummaryReport03-01.pdf [Verified 30 June 2012].
[21] IPAQ. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). 2005. Available from: http://www.ipaq.ki.se/scoring.pdf [Verified 30 June 2012].
[22] Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O’Brien WL, Bassett DR Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O’Brien WL, Bassett DR Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O’Brien WL, Bassett DR (2000) Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32, S498–504.
| Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvktlegsg%3D%3D&md5=e72aedfb4701854253d634197d73c304CAS | 10993420PubMed |
[23] Macfarlane DJ, Lee CCY, Ho EYK, Chan KL, Chan D (2006) Convergent validity of six methods to assess physical activity in daily life. J Appl Physiol 101, 1328–34.
| Convergent validity of six methods to assess physical activity in daily life.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16825525PubMed |
[24] Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley; 1981.
[25] Dinger M, Behrens T, Han J (2006) Validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in college students. Am J Health Educ 37, 337–43.
| Validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in college students.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[26] Macfarlane DJ, Lee CCY, Ho EYK, Chan KL, Chan DTS (2007) Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IPAQ (short, last 7 days). J Sci Med Sport 10, 45–51.
| Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IPAQ (short, last 7 days).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16807105PubMed |
[27] Mäder U, Martin B, Schutz Y, Marti B (2006) Validity of four short physical activity questionnaires in middle-aged persons. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38, 1255–66.
| Validity of four short physical activity questionnaires in middle-aged persons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16826022PubMed |
[28] Stewart AL, Mills KM, King AC, Haskell WL, Gillis D, Ritter PL (2001) CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults: outcomes for interventions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, 1126–41.
| CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults: outcomes for interventions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FivVaqsA%3D%3D&md5=550a64bc718ee139b2c4e1c48af33f73CAS | 11445760PubMed |
[29] Evenson KR, Wilcox S, Pettinger M, Brunner R, King AC, McTiernan A (2002) Vigorous leisure activity through women’s adult life: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 156, 945–53.
| Vigorous leisure activity through women’s adult life: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Cohort Study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12419767PubMed |
[30] Schmidt MD, Freedson PS, Chasan-Taber L (2003) Estimating physical activity using the CSA accelerometer and a physical activity log. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35, 1605–11.
| Estimating physical activity using the CSA accelerometer and a physical activity log.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12972884PubMed |
[31] Lamonte MJ, Ainsworth BE (2001) Quantifying energy expenditure and physical activity in the context of dose response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, S370–8.
| Quantifying energy expenditure and physical activity in the context of dose response.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzmsFynsw%3D%3D&md5=898bc83a368ac9fb11841e6f1619641bCAS | 11427762PubMed |
[32] Ainsworth BE, Leon AS, Richardson MT, Jacobs DR, Paffenbarger RS (1993) Accuracy of the College Alumnus Physical Activity Questionnaire. J Clin Epidemiol 46, 1403–11.
| Accuracy of the College Alumnus Physical Activity Questionnaire.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2Foslamug%3D%3D&md5=2ef937dd8cdf56cd5b1a791eaff48431CAS | 8263567PubMed |
[33] Rzewnicki R, Vanden Auweele Y, De Bourdeaudhuij I (2003) Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample. Public Health Nutr 6, 299–305.
| Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12740079PubMed |
[34] Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D (2004) Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: construct validity. Sports Med 34, 281–91.
| Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: construct validity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15107007PubMed |
[35] Tudor-Locke C, Lutes L (2009) Why do pedometers work? A reflection upon the factors related to successfully increasing physical activity. Sports Med 39, 981–93.
| Why do pedometers work? A reflection upon the factors related to successfully increasing physical activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19902981PubMed |
[36] Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson RW, Bauman A (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39, 1423–34.
| Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17762377PubMed |
[37] Heesch KC, Hill RL, van Uffelen JG, Brown WJ (2011) Are Active Australia physical activity questions valid for older adults? J Sci Med Sport 14, 233–7.
| Are Active Australia physical activity questions valid for older adults?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21276752PubMed |
[38] Ainsworth BE, Bassett DR, Strath SJ, Swartz AM, O’Brien WL, Thompson RW, Jones DA, Macera CA, Kimsey CD (2000) Comparison of three methods for measuring the time spent in physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32, S457–64.
| Comparison of three methods for measuring the time spent in physical activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvktlehtw%3D%3D&md5=96f2140fd3fb7ccb76ff5db10a3f3611CAS | 10993415PubMed |