Would you Find Thirty online? Website use in a Western Australian physical activity campaign
J. E. Leavy A D , M. Rosenberg B , R. Barnes A , A. Bauman C and F. C. Bull AA Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, M707, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
B School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, M408, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, vvWA 6009, Australia.
C School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: justine.leavy@uwa.edu.au
Health Promotion Journal of Australia 24(2) 118-125 https://doi.org/10.1071/HE12916
Submitted: 27 November 2012 Accepted: 7 April 2013 Published: 16 May 2013
Abstract
Issue addressed: Mass media campaigns have used a range of traditional media (television, radio and print) to communicate health messages. In the past decade the Internet has added to these traditional methods with Web 2.0, smart phone technology and interactive media. ‘Find Thirty every day®’, a Western Australia population-wide mass media campaign delivered over 2 years, used a combination of traditional mass media, a website, online resources and banner advertising. The aim of the present study is to describe the use of the Find Thirty every day® website during the campaign media activities of May 2008–June 2010.
Methods: Cross-sectional self-reported survey data were collected from a random sample of adults using a computer-assisted telephone interview over the period February–March 2010. Objective online analytical measures of unique visits to the Find Thirty every day® website were collected between June 2008 and June 2010.
Results: Monthly visitors to the Find Thirty every day® website increased from 3193 in 2009 to 4374 in 2010. During the last two media waves (October 2009 and February 2010), site visits were 5388 and 5272 per month, respectively.
Conclusion: The impact of the Find Thirty every day® website was a positive outcome, considering the minimal online presence.
So what?: Health communication campaign planners should maximise the potential synergy of traditional mass media and new social media in future campaigns. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary approach that includes communication researchers, experts in information systems and a creative team experienced in online environments will need to be the way forward.
Key words: evaluation, Internet, mass media, physical activity, social media, websites.
References
[1] Bauman AE (2004) Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review 2000–2003. J Sci Med Sport 7, 6–19.| Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review 2000–2003.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czht1Kltg%3D%3D&md5=89b28eb00b8ec06504957b191a35a12bCAS | 15214597PubMed |
[2] Kruk J (2007) Physical activity in the prevention of the most frequent chronic diseases: an analysis of the recent evidence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 8, 325–38.
[3] Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS (2006) Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ 174, 801–9.
| Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16534088PubMed |
[4] Brown WJ, Burton NW, Rowan PJ (2007) Updating the evidence on physical activity and health in women. Am J Prev Med 33, 404–11.
| Updating the evidence on physical activity and health in women.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17950406PubMed |
[5] Jeon CY, Lokken RP, Hu FB, van Dam RM (2007) Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30, 744–52.
| Physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of Type 2 diabetes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17327354PubMed |
[6] Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39, 1423–34.
| Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17762377PubMed |
[7] O’Donovan G, Blazevich AJ, Boreham C, Cooper AR, Crank H, Ekelund U, Fox KR, Gately P, Giles-Corti B, Gill JM, Hamer M, McDermott I, Murphy M, Mutrie N, Reilly JJ, Saxton JM, Stamatakis E (2010) The ABC of physical activity for health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. J Sports Sci 28, 573–91.
| The ABC of physical activity for health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20401789PubMed |
[8] Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW (2012) Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 380, 258–71.
| Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22818938PubMed |
[9] Bauman A, Chau J (2009) The role of media in promoting physical activity. J Phys Act Health 6, S196–210.
[10] Cavill N, Bauman A (2004) Changing the way people think about health-enhancing physical activity: do mass media campaigns have a role? J Sports Sci 22, 771–90.
| Changing the way people think about health-enhancing physical activity: do mass media campaigns have a role?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15370487PubMed |
[11] Finlay SJ, Faulkner G (2005) Physical activity promotion through the mass media: inception, production, transmission and consumption. Prev Med 40, 121–30.
| Physical activity promotion through the mass media: inception, production, transmission and consumption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15533520PubMed |
[12] Wakefield MA, Loken B, Hornik RC (2010) Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour. Lancet 376, 1261–71.
| Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20933263PubMed |
[13] Bauman A, Smith B, Maibach E, Reger-Nash B (2006) Evaluation of mass media campaigns for physical activity. Eval Program Plann 29, 312–22.
| Evaluation of mass media campaigns for physical activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[14] Grilli R, Ramsay C, Minozzi S (2002) Mass media interventions: effects on health services utilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1, CD000389
[15] Chou WY, Hunt YM, Beckjord EB, Moser RP, Hesse BW (2009) Social media use in the United States: implications for health communication. J Med Internet Res 11, e48
| Social media use in the United States: implications for health communication.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19945947PubMed |
[16] Lefebvre C (2009) Integrating cell phones and mobile technologies into public health practice: a social marketing perspective. Health Promot Pract 10, 490–4.
| Integrating cell phones and mobile technologies into public health practice: a social marketing perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19809002PubMed |
[17] Thackeray R, Neiger BL, Hanson CL, McKenzie JF (2008) Enhancing promotional strategies within social marketing programs: use of Web 2.0 social media. Health Promot Pract 9, 338–43.
| Enhancing promotional strategies within social marketing programs: use of Web 2.0 social media.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18936268PubMed |
[18] Kietzmann JH, Hermkens K, McCarthy IP, Silvestre BS (2011) Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Bus Horiz 54, 241–51.
| Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[19] Freeman B (2012) New media and tobacco control. Tob Control 21, 139–44.
| New media and tobacco control.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22345236PubMed |
[20] Gold J, Pedrana AE, Stoove MA, Chang S, Howard S, Asseline J, Ilic O, Batrouney C, Hellard ME (2012) Developing health promotion interventions on social networking site recommendations from The FaceSpace Project. J Med Internet Res 14, e30
| Developing health promotion interventions on social networking site recommendations from The FaceSpace Project.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22374589PubMed |
[21] World Bank. World development indicators 2012. 2012. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2?cid=GPD_44 [Verified 17 April 2013].
[22] Davies CA, Spence JC, Vandelanotte C, Caperchione MM, Mummery WK (2012) Meta-analysis of Internet-delivered interventions to increase physical activity levels. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 9, 52
| Meta-analysis of Internet-delivered interventions to increase physical activity levels.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22546283PubMed |
[23] The World Bank. Internet usage statistics, Australia. 2012. Available from: http://www.google.com.au/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=it_net_user_p2&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=country:AUS&ifdim=region&hl=en&dl=en&ind=false&q=internet+usage+stats [Verified 12 May 2012].
[24] Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Adams MA, Rosenberg DE, Yaroch AL, Atienza AA (2007) A review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change. Am J Prev Med 33, 336–45.
| A review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17888860PubMed |
[25] van den Berg MH, Schoones JW, Vliet Vlieland TP (2007) Internet-based physical activity interventions: a systematic review of the literature. J Med Internet Res 9, e26
| Internet-based physical activity interventions: a systematic review of the literature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17942388PubMed |
[26] Vandelanotte C, Spathonis KM, Eakin EG, Owen N (2007) Website-delivered physical activity interventions: a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med 33, 54–64.
| Website-delivered physical activity interventions: a review of the literature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17572313PubMed |
[27] Deady ME, Kay-Lambkin F, Thornton L, Baker AL, Teesson M (2012) Social influence, addictions and the Internet: the potential of Web 2.0 technologies in enhancing treatment for alcohol/other drug use problems. J Addict Res Ther S8, 002
[28] Gold J, Pedrana AE, Sacks-Davies R, Hellard ME, Chang S, Howard S, Keogh L, Hocking JS, Stoove MA (2011) A systematic examination of the use of online social networking sites for sexual health promotion. BMC Public Health 11, 583
| A systematic examination of the use of online social networking sites for sexual health promotion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21777470PubMed |
[29] Kaplan AM, Haenlein M (2010) Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Bus Horiz 53, 59–68.
| Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[30] Waters RD, Burnett E, Lamm A, Lucas J (2009) Engaging stakeholders through social networking: how nonprofit organizations are using Facebook. Public Relat Rev 35, 102–6.
| Engaging stakeholders through social networking: how nonprofit organizations are using Facebook.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[31] Eyrich N, Padman ML, Sweetser KD (2008) PR practitioners’ use of social media tools and communication technology. Public Relat Rev 34, 412–14.
| PR practitioners’ use of social media tools and communication technology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[32] Waters RD, Canfield RD, Foster JM, Hardy EE (2011) Applying the dialogic theory to social networking sites: examining how university health centers convey health messages on Facebook. J Social Market 1, 211–27.
| Applying the dialogic theory to social networking sites: examining how university health centers convey health messages on Facebook.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[33] Landry A. iPhone mobile social networking applications. 2008. Available from: http://s4xton.com/tag/media [Verified 16 August 2012].
[34] Principals. The digital pulse. 2012. Available from: http://www.principals.com.au/digitalpulse/index.html [Verified 12 May 2012].
[35] Vance K, Howe W, Dellavalle RP (2009) Social Internet sites as a source of public health information. Dermatol Clin 27, 133–6.
| Social Internet sites as a source of public health information.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlsFyrtbg%3D&md5=f4ffd7065a677edbe730da056e1950a4CAS | 19254656PubMed |
[36] Marcus BH, Ciccolo JT, Sciamanna CN (2009) Using electronic/computer interventions to promote physical activity. Br J Sports Med 43, 102–5.
| Using electronic/computer interventions to promote physical activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7ivVakuw%3D%3D&md5=04f516f7324801e4afa4ceb3bff36baeCAS | 19052143PubMed |
[37] Leavy J, Bull F, Rosenberg M, Bauman A (2013) Who do we reach? Campaign evaluation of Find Thirty every day® using awareness profiles in a Western Australian cohort. J Health Commun [In press]
[38] Leavy JE, Rosenberg M, Bauman AE, Bull FC, Giles-Corti B, Shilton T, Maitland C, Barnes R (2012) Effects of Find Thirty every day®: cross-sectional findings from a Western Australian population-wide mass media campaign, 2008–2010. Health Educ Behav
| Effects of Find Thirty every day®: cross-sectional findings from a Western Australian population-wide mass media campaign, 2008–2010.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23041708PubMed |
[39] TNS, Social Research. Find Thirty. It’s not a big exercise original tracking survey. Perth: TNS, Social Research; 2005.
[40] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The Active Australia Survey: a guide and manual for implementation, analysis and reporting. Canberra: AIHW; 2003.
[41] Brown WJ, Trost SG, Bauman A, Mummery K, Owen N (2004) Test–retest reliability of four physical activity measures used in population surveys. J Sci Med Sport 7, 205–15.
| Test–retest reliability of four physical activity measures used in population surveys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvlsVeitg%3D%3D&md5=0d96511133c168c341631e2540c5103fCAS | 15362316PubMed |
[42] Timperio A, Salmon J, Bull F, Rosenberg M. Validation of physical activity questions for use in Australian population surveys. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing; 2002.
[43] Leavy JE, Bull FC, Rosenberg M, Bauman A (2011) Physical activity mass media campaigns and their evaluation: a systematic review of the literature 2003–2010. Health Educ Res 26, 1060–85.
| Physical activity mass media campaigns and their evaluation: a systematic review of the literature 2003–2010.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21900408PubMed |
[44] Brown DR, Soares J, Epping JM, Lankford TJ, Wallace JS, Hopkins D, Buchanan LR, Orleans CT, Community Preventive Services Task Force (2012) Stand-alone mass media campaigns to increase physical activity: a community guide updated review. Am J Prev Med 43, 551–61.
| Stand-alone mass media campaigns to increase physical activity: a community guide updated review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23079180PubMed |
[45] Pratt M, Sarmiento OL, Montes F, Ogilvie D, Marcus BH, Perez LG, Brownson RC, Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012) The implications of megatrends in information and communication technology and transportation for changes in global physical activity. Lancet 380, 282–93.
| The implications of megatrends in information and communication technology and transportation for changes in global physical activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22818940PubMed |
[46] Nicholls J (2012) Everyday, everywhere: alcohol marketing and social media. Current trends. Alcohol Alcohol 47, 486–93.
| Everyday, everywhere: alcohol marketing and social media. Current trends.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22532575PubMed |
[47] Fournier S, Avery J (2011) The uninvited brand. Bus Horiz 54, 193–207.
| The uninvited brand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[48] Crutzen R, Roosjen JL, Poelman J (2013) Using Google Analytics as a process evaluation method for Internet-delivered interventions: an example on sexual health. Health Promot Int 28, 36–42.
| Using Google Analytics as a process evaluation method for Internet-delivered interventions: an example on sexual health.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22377974PubMed |
[49] Woolley J, Limperos A, Oliver M (2010) The 2008 Presidential Election, 2.0: a content analysis of user-generated political Facebook groups. Mass Commun Soc 13, 631–52.
| The 2008 Presidential Election, 2.0: a content analysis of user-generated political Facebook groups.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[50] Scherer M. Elections will never be the same. Time 27 August 2012, pp. 28–30.
[51] Better Health Victoria. Health information and health products online. 2012. Available from: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcpdf.nsf/ByPDF/Health_information_and_health_products_online/$File/Health_information_and_health_products_online.pdf [Verified 24 September 2012].
[52] OfCom, UK Office of Communication. Communications market 2010. London: UK Office of Communication; 2010.
[53] Kontos EZ, Emmons KM, Puleo E, Viswanath K (2010) Communication inequalities and public health implications of adult social networking site use in the United States. J Health Commun 15, 216–35.
| Communication inequalities and public health implications of adult social networking site use in the United States.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21154095PubMed |
[54] Australian Government. Swap it, don’t stop it. 2012. Available from: http://swapit.gov.au/ [Verified 21 September 2012].
[55] Heart Foundation (WA Division), Cancer Council Western Australia, Department of Health (WA). LiveLighter. 2012 Available from: http://www.livelighter.com.au/default.aspx [Verified 22 September 2012].
[56] Donovan R, Henley N. Principles and practice of social marketing: an international perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.