A tRNA modification of adenine 37 is universal and known for all living organisms. Adenine 37 isopentenylation is associated with several functions: accurate amino acid selection during proteins synthesis, drug resistance, mitochondrial disorders, cancer suppression and release of bioactive compounds after degradation. Despite the fact that all those functions are highly conserved between species, some of them are not well studied and require further detailed and complex investigation.

Plant defence is imperative for achieving survival and optimum productivity. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) extensively determine signalling events starting from pathogen recognition to global defence response in the plant defence pathway. Immune progression in Arabidopsis was marked by formation and dissociation of immune protein complexes that acts in synchronisation with the presence of pathogen signal. In last decade, binary interaction data and its mapping enhanced our understanding of system regulation and dynamics of the Arabidopsis immune interactome. Here, we compile and assess the interaction network, and highlights key regulators of immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant tissue culture techniques have helped in the large-scale production of plants through micropropagation and clonal propagation of plant species. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of in vitro plant regeneration and propagation is important for detecting sources of change. Epigenetic changes are introduced as a major source of somaclonal variation during tissue culture.

Correct positioning of nuclei and transport of cellular organelles and vesicles are essential for cell division and movement, proper growth and development of an organism. To perform these functions, organisms use cytoskeletal tracks on which molecular motors (kinesin, dynein and myosin) drive and transport their specific attached cargoes. In this review, we explore the functions of plant kinesin family motors with special focus on the similarities and dissimilarities existed in different plant species with respect to their specific reported cargoes.

Individual SnRK2 genes might function differently in environmental stress tolerance. NtSnRK2.2 in N. tabacum had a root-predominant expression pattern. Function analysis showed that NtSnRK2.2 was involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lateral root development. The overexpression of NtSnRK2.2 resulted in enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Therefore, NtSnRK2.2 is a multifunctional regulatory factor in plants and has the potential to be used in transgenic breeding to improve salt stress tolerance in crops.

That plants endure cold stress in their lifetime is a universal problem that requires a better understanding of molecular mechanisms conferring cold tolerance in plants. Winter wheat possess cold tolerance, so is a good genetic resource contributing towards the goal of improvement of cold tolerance in crops. In winter wheat, lncRNA-miR398-CSD regulate each other to reduce reactive oxygen species caused by cold stress. Our findings offer an improved strategy to crop plants with enhanced stress tolerance.

Interspecific variations in tree allometry and functional traits can reveal a tree’s adaptive strategies. Functional traits vary with tree allometry among tree species. Large trees had slender stems, narrower crowns and larger stomatal conductance. To explore the relationship between tree allometry and functional traits provide ways to predict the changes in tree species composition under the condition of environmental changes.

Flax plant is cultivated commercially for its seed, oil and fibres but salinity stress limits worldwide agricultural crop yields. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a novel class of phytohormone that initiate the adaptive reactions of plant cell metabolism against abiotic and biotic stresses. Our results suggest that seed priming with 24-epiBL has a protective effect on flax plants against salt stress by activation of antioxidative responses, ion homeostasis and modulation of free amino acids composition. Results also indicated that this mitigation was more pronounced in a susceptible cultivar than in a tolerant cultivar.